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EC number: 245-485-1 | CAS number: 23202-81-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 December 2012 to 27 August 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Fully GLP and in accordance with current test guidelines
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 013
- Report date:
- 2013
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Methylfuranoside
- IUPAC Name:
- Methylfuranoside
- Reference substance name:
- Methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside
- EC Number:
- 245-485-1
- EC Name:
- Methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside
- Cas Number:
- 23202-81-5
- Molecular formula:
- C9H16O4
- IUPAC Name:
- methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside
- Test material form:
- other: pale yellow liquid
- Details on test material:
- Name: Methylfuranoside
CAS number: 23202-81-5
Batch number: 201111082008
Quantity supplied: 1.5 kg
Purity: 99.7%
Expiry date: November 2013
Date of receipt: 19 November 2012
Appearance: pale yellow liquid
Storage details: stored in a sealed container, at room temperature (15 to 25°C) in the dark.
The negative control substance was 0.9% sodium chloride solution supplied by Baxter Healthcare Ltd, Thetford, UK.
The positive control substance was dimethyl formamide supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co Ltd, Poole, UK.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Bovine corneas supplied by a local abattoir. The eyes were removed after slaughter, completely immersed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (containing penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 µg/mL) in a suitably sized container and transported on the same day to the testing facility. On arrival at the test facility the eyes were carefully examined for defects including increased opacity, scratches and neovascularisation. Only corneas free from such defects were used.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µL
- Concentration (if solution): Not applicable
VEHICLE: Not applicable - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- A volume of 750 µL of the test item or negative or positive control was applied to each of three corneas followed by a ten minute incubation at 32°C.
- Observation period (in vivo):
- After the initial ten minute incubation, each cornea was washed with media containing phenol red (as a pH indicator) until this indicator showed no pH effect occurring (and demonstrating that the test item had been removed successfully). The corneas were then washed once in media without phenol red and the opacities measured. The corneas were incubated (horizontally) for 2 hours ± 10 minutes after which, the opacities were measured and then the anterior chamber emptied. For the permeability endpoint, 1 mL of sodium fluorescein (4 mg/mL solution) was added into the anterior chamber and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours ± 5 minutes. Following this period, the media in the posterior chamber was removed and held in a labelled tube. Three 350 µL aliquots of this media (per cornea) were analysed for optical density at 490 nanometers (OD490) using a spectrophotometer.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Three conrneas used per group
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): washed once with media containing phenol red, then with media without phenol red
- Time after start of exposure: ten minutes
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritation Score (IVIS) was determined as follows:
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability value).
The test item was concluded to be a corrosive or severe irritant to the eye if it caused damage to the cornea such that the IVIS was >55.1.
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: fluorescein
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 2.3
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 0
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 22.2
- Irritation parameter:
- fluorescein leakage
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- -0.001
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 0
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 0.165
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Remarks:
- IVIS
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 2.25
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 0
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- value: 24.47
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Corneal opacity
The mean opacity reading for the test item was 2.3.
The mean opacity reading for the negative control was 0.
The mean opacity reading for the positive control was 22.0
Corneal permeability
The mean group corrected optical density for the test item was -0.005.
The mean group corrected optical density for the negative control was 0.
The mean group corrected optical density for the positive control was 0.165.
In Vitro Irritation Score
The calculated in vitro irritation score for the test item was 2.25
The calculated in vitro irritation score for the negative control was 0.
The calculated in vitro irritation score for the positive control was 24.47.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- other: Not corrosive or severly irritating
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: In Vitro Irritation Score (IVIS)
- Conclusions:
- The test article, Methylfuranoside, produced an IVIS score of 2.25 and was considered not to be corrosive or severely irritating to the eye.
- Executive summary:
This study was conducted to determine whether the test item causes corrosion or severe irritation to excised bovine corneas using the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay.
A volume of 750 µL of the test item was applied to each of three corneas followed by a ten minute incubation at 32°C. After this incubation, each cornea was washed with media containing phenol red followed by media without phenol red, the opacities measured and then the anterior chamber emptied. For the permeability endpoint, sodium fluorescein solution was added into the anterior chamber and the corneas were incubated in the vertical position for 1.5 hours ± 5 minutes. Following this period, the media in the posterior chamber was removed and three 350 µL aliquots of this media (per cornea) were analysed for optical density at 490 nanometers (OD490).
A volume of 750 µL of the negative or positive control was similarly applied to further groups of three corneas. These corneas were subject to the procedures detailed above.
The mean opacity reading for the test item was 2.3, for the negative control was 0 and for the positive control was 22.0.
The mean group corrected optical density for the test item was -0.005, for the negative control was 0 and for the positive control was 0.165.
The test item, Methylfuranoside, produced an IVIS score of 2.25 and was considered not to be corrosive or severely irritating to the eye.
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