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EC number: 295-995-3 | CAS number: 92201-64-4 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Eucalyptus radiata australiana, Myrtaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 88
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 88%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 89% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, p-cymene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, p-cymene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 88% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.
Under the test conditions, p-cymene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1988-12-28
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 4 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 94
- Sampling time:
- 4 wk
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 94%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 77% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, Terpinene gamma was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, 1,4 -p-menthadiene (Terpinene gamma) was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 94% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 4 weeks.
Under the test conditions, Terpinene gamma was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From June 09 to July 08, 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study conducted according to OECD guideline 301 D with only minor deviations.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent oxygen consumption due to nitrification (omission does not result in nitrogen limitation); activated sludge instead of an effluent/extract/mixture was used as inoculum
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Not applicable - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of secondary activated sludge: Activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic waste water (Nieuwgraaf, Duiven, The Netherlands)
- Preconditioning: 400 mg Dry Weight (DW)/L of activated sludge was aerated for one week and then diluted in the BOD bottles
- Concentration of sludge: 400 mg DW/L - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Nutrient medium contained per liter of deionised water: 8.5 mg KH2PO4, 21.75 mg K2HPO4, 33.3 mg Na2HPO4.2H2O, 22.5 mg MgSO4.7H2O, 27.5 mg CaCI2, 0.25 mg FeCI3.6H2O
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionised water containing no more than 0.01 mg/L Cu was prepared in a water purification system.
- Test temperature: 22-24 °C
- pH (at start of test): 7.0; pH (at end of test): 6.8 (control, control with silica gel and test)
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 0.30 L BOD (biological oxygen demand) bottles with glass stoppers
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 10 bottles containing only inoculum, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel, 10 bottles containing inoculum and silica gel dosed with test substance, and 6 bottles containing sodium acetate and inoculum
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: Yes
MEASURING EQUIPMENTS:
- Dissolved oxygen concentrations were determined electrochemically using an oxygen electrode (WTW TrioXmatic EO 200) and meter (WTW OXI 530) (Retsch, Ochten, The Netherlands)
- pH was measured using a Knick 765 calimatic pH meter (Elektronische Messgerate GmbH, Germany).
- Temperature was measured and recorded with a sensor connected to a data logger.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Two duplicate bottles of all series were withdrawn for analyses of the dissolved oxygen concentration at Days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes; containing inoculum only
- Procedure control: Yes; containing reference substance (sodium acetate) with inoculated medium
- Toxicity control: No; test material was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the biodegradation test
- Other: Containing inoculum and silica gel - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 6.7 mg/L; source: Acros organics, Belgium; purity: > 99%
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- The validity of the test is demonstrated by an endogenous respiration of 1.0 mg/L at day 28. Sodium acetate was degraded 83% of its ThOD after 28 days. The validity of the test is also shown by oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L in all bottles during the test period.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 76
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Initial test material concentration: 2 mg/L
- Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 3.3 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 3: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 13: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 28 = 76% - Results with reference substance:
- - Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) = 0.8 mg/mg
- % biodegradation on Day 1: > 10%
- % biodegradation on Day 6: > 60%
- % biodegradation on Day 14 = 83% - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L; differences of the replicate values at Day 28 were < 20%; degradation in reference material was 83% at Day 14; O2 concentration during the test was > 0.5 mg/L
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, β-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 D and GLP, β-pinene was tested at concentrations of 2 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sewage sludge, domestic. The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. The test treatments, inoculum blank, and reference (sodium acetate) were measured in duplicates.
At 2 mg/L test concentration, greater than 10% biodegradation of the test substance was reached on Day 3 and greater than 60% biodegradation was reached on Day 13. Hence, the test material met the 14 day window requirement for ready biodegradability. On Day 28, the biodegradation was 76%.
The reference material, sodium acetate, reached greater than 60% biodegradation on Day 6. β-pinene was considered to be non-toxic to micro-organisms as inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum was not detected during the test. Hence, the study met the validity criteria for reference material and toxicity control. The endogenous respiration at Day 28 was 1.0 mg/L and oxygen concentration during the test was greater than 0.5 mg/L.
Under the test conditions, β-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 86
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 86%
- Direct analysis (GC): 99%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 87% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, myrcene beta was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 86% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.
Under the test conditions, myrcene beta was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 2 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 84.6
- Sampling time:
- 2 wk
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 84.6%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 93% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha-terpineol was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-terpineol was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 84.6% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 2 weeks.
Under the test conditions, alpha-terpineol was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From 1997.09.25 to 1997.11.11
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301F with GLP statement. All validity criteria were fulfilled and no deviations were observed.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
None - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Aïre) was used. The sludge is collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day.
Dry weight of suspended solids: 2.342 g/L.
To obtain a concentration of 30 mg/L (dry weight) in a 250 mL flask, 3.20 mL of sludge is needed (inoculum). - Duration of test (contact time):
- 38 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The mineral medium was prepared by mixing 50 mL of solution A (8.5g of KH2PO4 + 21.75g of K2HPO4 + 33.4g of Na2HPO4.2H2O + 0.5g of NH4Cl, dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and 2L deionised water, adding 5 mL of each of the solutions B (27.5g of CaCl2, dissolved in water and made up to 1L), C (22.5g of MgSO4.7H2O, dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and D (0.25g of FeCl3.6H2O + one drop of HCl Conc., dissolved in water and made up to 1L) and making up to 5L with deionised water.
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): not applicable
- Test temperature: 22°C
- pH adjusted: the pH of the mineral medium is measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4 +/- 0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide. At the start of the test, the pH of each flask is not measured but assumed to be the same as the mineral medium (7.31), in order not to remove any floating undissolved test substance from the test medium by dipping a glass electrode in it. Neutral test substances, even sodium benzoate, were shown not to affect the pH of the medium by more than 0.1 pH unit.
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 250 mL flasks
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: no data
- Method used to create anaerobic conditions: not applicable
- Measuring equipment: The respirometer used during this study is a SAPROMAT D 12, made by J. M. VOITH GmbH, D-7920 Heidenheim.
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- Test performed in open system: no
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes (mineral medium + inoculum)
- Positive control: yes (mineral medium + 100 mg/L reference substance + inoculum)
- Toxicity control: yes (mineral medium + 100 mg/L test chemical + 100 mg/L reference substance + inoculum) - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 82
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 82
- Sampling time:
- 38 d
- Details on results:
- See tables in "Any other information on results incl. tables" and graph in "Attached background material".
- Results with reference substance:
- 94% biodegradation after 14 days and 97% biodegradation after 28 days. See table 5.2.1/3 in "Any other information on results incl. tables"
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Eucalyptol undergoes 82% biodegradation after 28 days in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 72% at the end of the 10 -day window (days 3 to 13). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Eucalyptol + reference substance show no toxic effect of Eucalyptol on the micro-organisms at the test concentration.
- Executive summary:
This study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301F with GLP statement.
A measured volume of inoculated mineral medium, containing a known concentration of test substance (100 mg/L) as the nominal sole source of organic carbon, is stirred in a closed flask at a constant temperature (22 +/-1°C) for up to 38 days. The consumption of oxygen is determined by measuring the quantity of oxygen (produced electrolytically) required to maintain constant the gas volume in the respirometer flask. Evolved carbon dioxide is absorbed in soda lime pellets. The amount of oxygen taken up by the microbial population during biodegradation of the test chemical (corrected for uptake by blank inoculum, run in parallel) is expressed as a percentage of ThOD (Theoretical Oxygen Demand, calculated from the elemental composition, assuming that carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water).
As suggested in the guideline, the toxicity of the test chemical for the inoculum is checked. Therefore, a pair of flasks of the volumetric respirometer (SAPROMAT) are filled with mineral medium + test chemical (100 mg/L) + reference substance (sodium benzoate, 100 mg/L) + inoculum and their respirations are recorded as for the other flasks. If they are lower than those of the flasks containing mineral medium + reference substance (100 mg/L) + inoculum, the test chemical can be assumed to be inhibitory to the inoculum used.
Eucalyptol undergoes 82% biodegradation after 28 days (also after 38 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 72% at the end of the 10 -day window (days 3 to 13). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with Eucalyptol + reference substance show no toxic effect of Eucalyptol on the micro-organisms at the test concentration.
In conclusion, Eucalyptol should be regarded as readily biodegradable according to this test.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 2007
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 90 - <= 95
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 91, 90 and 95%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100, 100 and 100% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, alpha-pinene was tested at concentrations of 100 mg/L and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 mg/L). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 mg/L test concentration, 90 -95% degradation (biochemical oxygen demand) was reached in 28 days.
Under the test conditions, alpha-pinene was readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1980
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study conducted according to OECD Guideline 301 C but with deviations: no detail on material and methods
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no detail on material and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
No data - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of sludge: 30 ppm
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 14 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 other: ppm
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Details on study design:
- No data
- Preliminary study:
- No data
- Test performance:
- No data
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 41 - <= 98
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Details on results:
- - Indirect analysis (BOD): 41, 81 and 98%
- Direct analysis (GC): 100%
- Direct analysis (TOC): 50, 73 and 81% - Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
In a ready biodegradation study performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C, Limonene was tested at concentrations of 100 ppm and the inoculum was activated sludge (30 ppm). The degradation of the test material was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption.
At 100 ppm test concentration, 41-98% degradation by biochemical oxygen demand was reached in 14 days.
Under the test conditions, Limonene was readily biodegradable.
Referenceopen allclose all
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Table 5.2.1/1: Dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/L) in the closed bottles
Time (days) |
Oxygen concentration (mg/L) |
|||
Ocs |
Ot |
Oc |
Oa |
|
0 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
|
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
Mean (M) |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
7 |
7.8 |
5.7 |
8 |
3.9 |
|
8 |
5.7 |
7.9 |
3.9 |
Mean (M) |
7.9 |
5.7 |
8 |
3.9 |
14 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
7.7 |
3.4 |
|
7.6 |
3.5 |
7.8 |
3.2 |
Mean (M) |
7.7 |
3.4 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
21 |
7.7 |
3 |
7.8 |
|
|
7.6 |
2.8 |
7.6 |
|
Mean (M) |
7.7 |
2.9 |
7.7 |
|
28 |
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.5 |
|
|
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.6 |
|
Mean (M) |
7.6 |
2.6 |
7.6 |
|
Ocs: Mineral nutrient solution without test material but with inoculum and silica gel
Ot: Mineral nutrient solution with test material (2.0 mg/L), silica gel, and inoculum
Oc: Mineral nutrient solution with only inoculum
Oa: Mineral nutrient solution with sodium acetate (6.7 mg/L) and with inoculum
Table 5.2.1/2: Oxygen consumption (mg/L) and the percentages biodegradation of the test substance, β-pinene (BOD/ThOD) and sodium acetate (BOD/ThOD) in the Closed Bottle test.
Time (days) |
Oxygen consumption (mg/L) |
Biodegradation (%) |
||
Test substance |
Acetate |
Test substance |
Acetate |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
33 |
76 |
14 |
4.3 |
4.5 |
65 |
83 |
21 |
4.8 |
|
74 |
|
28 |
5 |
|
76 |
|
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Table 5.2.1/2: Biological Oxygen Demand and percentage of biodegradation of the test substance
Days : |
3 |
7 |
13 |
21 |
28 |
38 |
||
BOD Sludge |
1rst flask |
B1 |
14.0 |
19.0 |
21.0 |
23.0 |
26.0 |
27.0 |
2ndflask |
B2 |
11.0 |
15.0 |
18.0 |
21.0 |
23.0 |
24.0 |
|
Mean |
B |
12.5 |
17.0 |
19.5 |
22.0 |
24.5 |
25.5 |
|
BOD Test subs. |
1rst flask |
C1 |
72.7 |
150.1 |
219.7 |
249.1 |
258.9 |
259.0 |
2ndflask |
C2 |
90.7 |
171.4 |
238.3 |
263.0 |
267.9 |
267.9 |
|
1rst fl. corr. |
C1-B |
60.2 |
133.1 |
200.2 |
227.1 |
234.4 |
233.5 |
|
2ndfl. Corr. |
C2-B |
78.2 |
154.4 |
218.8 |
241.0 |
243.4 |
242.4 |
|
% degr. |
1rst flask |
D1 |
21 |
46 |
69 |
78 |
81 |
81 |
2ndflask |
D2 |
27 |
53 |
75 |
83 |
84 |
84 |
|
mean |
D |
24 |
50 |
72 |
81 |
82 |
82 |
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (C1 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (C2 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2) / 2
ThOD = 2.90 mg O2/mg
[S] = Initial test substance concentration (mg/L)
Table 5.2.1/3: Biological Oxygen Demand and percentage of biodegradation of the reference substance
Days : |
5 |
7 |
10 |
14 |
21 |
28 |
||
BOD Sludge |
1rst flask |
B1 |
17.0 |
19.0 |
20.0 |
22.0 |
23.0 |
26.0 |
2ndflask |
B2 |
14.0 |
15.0 |
16.0 |
19.0 |
21.0 |
23.0 |
|
Mean |
B |
15.0 |
17.0 |
18.0 |
20.5 |
22.0 |
24.5 |
|
BOD Ref subs. |
1rst flask |
A1 |
141.0 |
158.0 |
168.0 |
176.0 |
180.0 |
185.0 |
2ndflask |
A2 |
145.0 |
162.0 |
172.0 |
178.0 |
182.0 |
186.0 |
|
1rst fl. corr. |
A1-B |
125.5 |
141.0 |
150.0 |
155.5 |
158.0 |
160.5 |
|
2ndfl. Corr. |
A2-B |
129.5 |
145.0 |
154.0 |
157.5 |
160.0 |
161.5 |
|
% degr. |
1rst flask |
D1 |
75 |
85 |
90 |
93 |
95 |
96 |
2ndflask |
D2 |
78 |
87 |
92 |
95 |
96 |
97 |
|
mean |
D |
77 |
86 |
91 |
94 |
95 |
97 |
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (A1 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (A2 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2) / 2
ThOD = 1.67 mg O2/mg
[S] = Initial reference substance concentration (mg/L)
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Description of key information
Based on a Weight of Evidence approach, it can be possible to consider that registrered substance is readily biodegradable. All major constituents are readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Based on a Weight of Evidence approach, all major constituents of the registered substance are considered readily biodegradable (see table below).
Constituents | Range in the mixture | Biodegradation results | Reference in IUCLID 6 |
1,8-cineol | 60-80% | Readily biodegradable | 1,8-cineol, 470-82-6, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, Rudio, 1997, RS, W |
alpha-terpineol | 4-14% | Readily biodegradable | alpha-terpineol, 98-55-5, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1978, RS, W |
(d,l)-limonene | 0-15% | Readily biodegradable | (d,l)-limonene, 138-86-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1980, RS, W |
alpha-pinene | 0-5% | Readily biodegradable | alpha-pinene, 80-56-8, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 2007, RS, W |
beta-myrcene | 0-4% | Readily biodegradable | beta-myrcene, 123-35-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1987, RS, W |
beta-pinene | 0-3% | Readily biodegradable | beta-pinene, 127-91-3, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, van Ginkel, 2010, RS, W |
gamma-terpinene | 0-3% | Readily biodegradable | gamma-terpinene, 99-85-4, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1988, RS, W |
para-cymene | 0-2% | Readily biodegradable | para-cymene, 99-87-6, Biodegradation in water: screening tests, MITI, 1987, RS, W |
Based on constituant approach and on a typical concentration, 89% of the registered substance is readily biodegradable. Therefore, it can be possible to consider that the registered substance is readily biodegradable.
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