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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 806-451-7 | CAS number: 42532-60-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Hydrolysis
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
The rate limiting step for hydrolysis of C4 F-isonitrile hydrolysis is diffusion into water. The half-life for hydrolysis of dissolved material is <12 hours at ambient temperature (ca. 23 °C)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- at the temperature of:
- 23 °C
Additional information
The stability of C4 F-isonitrile in ecotoxicity test media was studied. Gas was introduced into the test system vessels at ambient temperature (ca. 23 °C at this location) and allowed to diffuse into the test media up to the maximum solubility. Once in solution, the dissolved isonitrile hydrolyzed to form the corresponding amide.
For ISO medium, 32% of the gaseous isonitrile dosed into the test system vials was hydrolyzed to amide after 72 hours of incubation without shaking. The measured aqueous levels of amide were over 1000 times greater than the measured levels of isonitrile. The plot of aqueous amide concentration versus time produced a linear fit suggestive of zero-order kinetics with a combined diffusion/hydrolytic rate constant of 511 ng/mL per hour.
For M2 medium, 94% of the gaseous isonitrile dosed into the test system vials was hydrolyzed to amide after 48 hours, under the experimental conditions of this study (ambient temperature with continuous, gentle mixing). Measured levels of amide were over 500 times greater than the isonitrile. A combined dissolution/hydrolytic rate constant could not be determined as only three time points were investigated.
It is evident from the above study, as well as from the water solubility and Henry's Law constant studies, that mixing has a strong effect on dissolution of gaseous isonitrile into aqueous matrices. This is typical for substances that do not mix well into water. Also, concentration of isonitrile in the gas phase has an impact on dissolution as shown by the difference in loss from gas phase in the water solubility and Henry's law experiments. For purposes of exposure modeling, the remaining mass of isonitrile at the end of the M2 medium incubation, six percent at 48 hours, is used to estimate an approximate hydrolytic half-life. Remaining isonitrile is roughly one-sixtienth of the starting amount, indicating that ca. four half-lives had passed during the 48-hour incubation period. As shown, distribution from the gas phase to the aqueous phase is rate-limiting for the overall process of dissolution and hydrolysis. This limitation is also evidenced by the measured Henry's Law constant of 590 atm m³/mole. The gentle mixing used in the M2 experiment is not expected to fully compensate for slow dissolution kinetics. The estimated half-life of 12 hours is therefore an overestimate of the time needed for hydrolysis of dissolved material.
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