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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 03 July - 01 August 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Regulation (EC) No 440/2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-pyridinium bromide
- Cas Number:
- 78687-39-5
- Molecular formula:
- C11H15BrN2O5
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-(aminocarbonyl)-1-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-pyridinium bromide
- Reference substance name:
- Nicotinamide
- EC Number:
- 202-713-4
- EC Name:
- Nicotinamide
- Cas Number:
- 98-92-0
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6N2O
- IUPAC Name:
- nicotinamide
- Reference substance name:
- Methanol
- EC Number:
- 200-659-6
- EC Name:
- Methanol
- Cas Number:
- 67-56-1
- Molecular formula:
- CH4O
- IUPAC Name:
- methanol
- Reference substance name:
- Ethyl acetate
- EC Number:
- 205-500-4
- EC Name:
- Ethyl acetate
- Cas Number:
- 141-78-6
- Molecular formula:
- C4H8O2
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl acetate
- Reference substance name:
- Water
- EC Number:
- 231-791-2
- EC Name:
- Water
- Cas Number:
- 7732-18-5
- Molecular formula:
- H2O
- IUPAC Name:
- Oxidane
- Reference substance name:
- inorganic salts by sulphated ash
- IUPAC Name:
- inorganic salts by sulphated ash
- Reference substance name:
- Bromic acid
- EC Number:
- 232-158-3
- EC Name:
- Bromic acid
- Cas Number:
- 7789-31-3
- Molecular formula:
- BrHO3
- IUPAC Name:
- bromic acid
- Reference substance name:
- Unknown impurities.
- Molecular formula:
- Not available as unknown impurities.
- IUPAC Name:
- Unknown impurities.
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- Batch / Lot No. 1000146/01
Constituent 1
impurity 1
impurity 2
impurity 3
impurity 4
impurity 5
impurity 6
impurity 7
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Lot no.: 1000146/01
Storage conditions: At approximately -15 °C
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source: Sludge from the aeration tank of the ARA Werdhölzli (CH-8048 Zürich), a municipal biological waste water treatment plant.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was pre-conditioned to reduce the amount of O2 consumed in the blank controls. In the pre-conditioning procedure, the sludge was washed twice with tap water and once with test medium right after sampling from the waste water treatment plant. After centrifugation, the sludge was suspended in test medium at about 2 g/l dry matter and kept under constant aeration and stirring without feeding for 6 days, until test start. On the day of the test start, this sludge suspension was diluted down to 60 mg/l dry matter, i.e. twice as high as the final test concentration.
- Pretreatment: The activated sludge was used after sampling from the treatment plant without adaptation.
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L dry matter in the final mixture. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 70.5 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: nominal test item concentration based on 97.9 mg ThOD/L
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of test medium: Analytical grade salts were dissolved in ultra-pure water:
* mineral stock solution A: 8.5 g/L KH2PO4, 28.49 g/L K2HPO4.3H2O, 33.4 g/L Na2HPO4.2H2O, 0.50 g/L NH4Cl
* mineral stock solution B: 36.4 g/L CaCl2.2H2O
* mineral stock solution C: 22.5 g/L MgSO4.7H2O
* mineral stock solution D: 0.25 g/L FeCl3.6H2O
* Final test medium: 10 mL of solution A and 1 mL of solutions B, C and D per L of test medium
The pH value of the test medium was adjusted to 7.4±0.2.
- Test temperature: 22±2°C, controlled at ±1 °C, in a thermostat cabinet in the dark
- pH: 7.4±0.2 (measured prior to testing and if necessary adjusted with NaOH or HCl (except in the abiotic sterile control)
- Continuous darkness: yes, test bottles were in a thermostat cabinet.
TEST SYSTEM
- Test units: 510 ml glass bottles (tightly closed with manometric BOD measuring devices) containing a total volume of test solution of 200 ml. The bottles are equipped with stirring rods and butyl rubber quivers which contain two pellets of sodium hydroxide each to absorb the produced CO2 from the head space.
- Test performed in duplicate (two test flasks): The test item was applied by stock solution (test item in test medium; double concentrated
to account for the addition of the sludge suspension).
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
B: Blank control (two replicates): containing incolum and test medium
P: Procedure control (two replicates): containing inoculum, test medium and 60.1 mg/L reference substance (100 mg ThOD/L)
X: Toxicity control (one replicate): containing inoculum, test medium, 70.5 mg/L test item and 60.1 mg/L reference substance (total 198 mg THOD/L)
A: Abiotic sterile control (one replicate): containing inoculum, ultra-pure water, 0.04 mM HgCl2 (sterilizing agent to prevent microbial degradation) and 69.5 mg/L test item (96.5 mg ThOD/L)
SAMPLING
The test vessels were stirred by an inductive stirring system for a period of 28 days. During the test the O2 uptake was continuously measured with a manometric BOD measuring device. Temperature was recorded with a data logger.
At the end of the test, the pH was measured in all flasks except the abiotic sterile control (A).
Total elimination was determined in each test vessel (test suspension, blank and procedure control) based on the theoretical carbon content and the analysis of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations at the start and at the end of the test.
STATISTICAL METHODS:
No statistical analysis was performed.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- other: Sodium benzoate
- Remarks:
- CAS 532-32-1
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 85
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: test flask 1 after 28 d: 82,6% test flask 2 after 28 d: 86.7%
- Details on results:
- Based on O2 consumption the biodegradability of Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide was calculated to be 85% after 28 days of the ThOD and 81% at the end of the 10-day window (i.e. within 10 days after attainment of 10% degradation).
Biodegradation of the test item was observed after a lag-phase (time to reach 10% degradation) of about 2 days.
Based on the determination of the DOC at the end of the test, the total elimination was calculated to be 100% for Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide and 100% for sodium benzoate. This data is in line with the degradation calculated based on O2 consumption.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Procedure control:
The procedure control with sodium benzoate reached a biodegradation of 80% after 14 days, thus confirming suitability of inoculum and test conditions
Toxicity control:
According to the OECD guideline 301 a substance is considered having inhibitory (i.e. toxic) effects on the inoculum if less than 25% degradation after 14 days are observed in the toxicity control. Since the biodegradation exceeded this pass level, it can be concluded that the test item does not have any significant toxic effects on the microbial population at the applied initial test concentration of 70.5 mg/L.
Abiotic steril control:
No significant degradation (4%) was observed in the abiotic sterile control. Therefore, it can be concluded that the test item is not degraded by oxygen consuming processes in the absence of microorganisms, and that the observed degradation in the test flasks with inoculum is indeed due to biological processes.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide (CAS no. 78687-39-5) reached the pass level of 60% biodegradation in the Manometric Respirometry Test within the 10-day window and, therefore, can be termed as readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide (CAS no. 78687-39-5) exposed to microorganisms derived from activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant was investigated under aerobic static exposure conditions, following the OECD guideline 301 F. Both the biodegradation over the course of the test (based on O2 consumption compared to the theoretical oxygen demand ThOD) and the total elimination at the end of the test (based on the determination of the dissolved organic carbon, DOC) were assessed.
Based on O2 consumption the biodegradation of Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide was calculated to be 85% of ThOD after 28 days and reached 81% at the end of the 10-d window (i.e. within 10 days after attainment of 10% degradation).
Biodegradation of the test item was observed after a lag-phase of about 2 days.
The procedure control with sodium benzoate reached a biodegradation of 80% after 14 days, thus confirming suitability of inoculum and test conditions.
Based on the determination of the DOC at the end of the test the total elimination was calculated to be 100% for Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide and 100% for sodium benzoate. This data is in line with the degradation calculated based on O2 consumption.
Nicotinamide-beta-D-riboside bromide (CAS no. 78687-39-5) reached the pass level of 60% biodegradation in the Manometric Respirometry Test within the 10-day window and, therefore, can be termed as readily biodegradable.
All validity criteria were fulfilled.
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