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EC number: 246-866-5 | CAS number: 25338-55-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-10-15 to 2019-01-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with factor of √10 in the concentration range of 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L.
- Sampling method: At the start, samples were taken from one additional replicate of the test item concentration and the control and at the end samples were taken from pooled replicates.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored at room temperature until start of analysis, if necessary. Prepared samples were stored at room temperature until analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solution: 80.0 mg test item/L, freshly prepared with dilution water.
Dispersion treatment: The stock solution was agitated until the solution was visually clear.
Test concentrations: Out of the stock solution five concentration levels were tested in a geometrical series with a dilution factor of √10: 0.800 – 2.53 – 8.00 – 25.3 – 80.0 mg/L.
The dilution levels are based on the results of a preliminary range finding test (non-GLP).
Control: Six replicates (without test item) were tested under the same test conditions as the test item replicates. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDÁK, CCAP 278/4
Synonyms Selenastrum capricornutum; Ankistrodesmus subcapitata; Raphidocelis subcapitata; Ankistrodesmus bibraianus (Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Goettingen 2014)
Reason for the selection Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is a suitable green alga species
of the test organism according to the guideline.
Origin Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP)
SAMS Research Services Ltd
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Dunbeg, OBAN; Argyll PA37 1QA; Scotland, UK
Cultivation at test facility Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2590 - 5180 lux per day.
Culture medium Nutrient Medium Z according to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
Preculture A three days old preculture, prepared in dilution water, was used as inoculum
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Nutrient medium Z for culture and test medium according to OECDTG201
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 38 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21 - 24 °C controlled at ± 2°C
- pH:
- Control:
Start (0h): 8.08
End (72h): 9.33 - Conductivity:
- 141 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration measured concentration
0 h:
Control < LOQ < LOQ (0.4 mg/L)
80 mg/L 77.7 mg/L
25.3 mg/L 24.4 mg/L
72 h:
Control < LOQ < LOQ
80 mg/L 74.4 mg/L
25.3 mg/L 23.3 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile glass Erlenmeyer flasks, volume: 250 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): sealed with cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 6442 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 2002956 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Nutrient medium Z according to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: according to OECDTG201
- Total organic carbon: < 2 mgC/L
- Alkalinity: pH = 8.08 (t= 0h)
- Conductivity: 141µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at start(0h) and at the end (72h) of study
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120 µE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of cell concentrations: [counting chamber; electronic particle counter; fluorimeter; spectrophotometer; colorimeter]
- Chlorophyll measurement: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a- fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: √10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline:
- Range finding study: yes
- Test concentrations: 1; 10; 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 7.59 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 8.56 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 6.34 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 2.66 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.65 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): No morphological abnormalities observed.
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other:
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: No
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- ErC50: 0.799 mg/L (CI; 0.707 – 1.30)
- Other: EyC50 = 0.607 mg/l (CI; 0.404 – 0.694) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, the EC50-values of the test item on the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata based on nominal test item concentrations after 72 hours were 10.3 (8.48 – 17.2) mg/L and 6.34 (5.22 – 7.59) mg/L, for inhibition of growth rate and yield (EyC50), respectively. The NOEC for both growth rate and yield was 0.800 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3. The aim of the study was the determination of the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a factor of √10 in the concentration range of 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L. A stock solution with a nominal concentration level of 80.0 mg test item/L was freshly prepared and agitated until the solution was visually clear. The solution was then used for the preparation of the dilutions.
Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The measured concentrations in the test solutions at the start of the exposure were in the range of 94 to 98% of the nominal concentrations. At the end of exposure after 72 hours, the measured concentrations in the test item solutions were in the range of 92 to 97% of the nominal test item concentrations. As the concentrations remain in the range of ± 20% of the nominal concentrations, all effect values given are based on the nominal test item concentrations.
The EC50-values of the test item on the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours were 10.3 (8.48 – 17.2) mg/L and 6.34 (5.22 – 7.59) mg/L, for inhibition of growth rate and yield (EyC50), respectively. The NOEC for both growth rate and yield was 0.800 mg/L.
Reference
Evaluation after 72 hours of growth rates and yield inhibition
Statistically significant differences of growth rate and yield inhibition compared to control values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Nominal test item concentration |
Replicate |
Growth Rate |
Inhibition of Growth Rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of Yield |
||
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||
80.0 |
1 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
2 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
|
3 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
|
n.a. |
100 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
n.a. |
100 |
(+) |
n.a. |
100 |
|
25.3 |
1 |
|
-0.133 |
107 |
|
-2123 |
100 |
2 |
|
-0.250 |
113 |
|
-3401 |
100 |
|
3 |
|
-0.147 |
108 |
|
-2299 |
100 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
-0.177 |
109 |
(+) |
-2608 |
100 |
|
8.00 |
1 |
|
1.69 |
11 |
|
1029349 |
48 |
2 |
|
1.63 |
15 |
|
838395 |
58 |
|
3 |
|
1.64 |
14 |
|
884967 |
56 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.65 |
14 |
(+) |
917570 |
54 |
|
2.53 |
1 |
|
1.83 |
5 |
|
1537219 |
23 |
2 |
|
1.84 |
4 |
|
1615964 |
19 |
|
3 |
|
1.80 |
6 |
|
1428783 |
28 |
|
Mean |
(+) |
1.82 |
5 |
(+) |
1527322 |
24 |
|
0.800 |
1 |
|
1.92 |
0 |
|
2025526 |
-1 |
2 |
|
1.90 |
1 |
|
1933277 |
3 |
|
3 |
|
1.92 |
0 |
|
2038882 |
-2 |
|
Mean |
(-) |
1.91 |
0 |
(-) |
1999228 |
0 |
|
Control |
1 |
|
1.91 |
|
|
1984515 |
|
2 |
|
1.89 |
|
|
1868682 |
|
|
3 |
|
1.91 |
|
|
1987544 |
|
|
4 |
|
1.92 |
|
|
2051990 |
|
|
5 |
|
1.89 |
|
|
1867391 |
|
|
6 |
|
1.95 |
|
|
2218963 |
|
|
Mean |
|
1.91 |
|
|
1996514 |
|
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitatawas determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016/Method C.3. The aim of the study was the determination of the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. Five concentrations were tested in a geometrical series with a factor of √10 in the concentration range of 0.800 - 2.53 - 8.00 - 25.3 - 80.0 mg/L. A stock solution with a nominal concentration level of 80.0 mg test item/L was freshly prepared and agitated until the solution was visually clear. The solution was then used for the preparation of the dilutions.
Three replicates were tested for each test item concentration and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The measured concentrations in the test solutions at the start of the exposure were in the range of 94 to 98% of the nominal concentrations. At the end of exposure after 72 hours, the measured concentrations in the test item solutions were in the range of 92 to 97% of the nominal test item concentrations. As the concentrations remain in the range of ± 20% of the nominal concentrations, all effect values given are based on the nominal test item concentrations.
The EC50-values of the test item on the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours were 10.3 (8.48 – 17.2) mg/L and 6.34 (5.22 – 7.59) mg/L, for inhibition of growth rate and yield (EyC50), respectively. The NOEC for both growth rate and yield was 0.800 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 10.3 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 7.59 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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