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EC number: 200-059-4 | CAS number: 50-69-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- July - October 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- D-ribose
- EC Number:
- 200-059-4
- EC Name:
- D-ribose
- Cas Number:
- 50-69-1
- Molecular formula:
- C5H10O5
- IUPAC Name:
- D-ribose
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Details on test material:
- Dry powder, white to slightly yellow
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Identification: Riboxyl TM
Batch: Q0926501
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- human
- Strain:
- not specified
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- At least 50 mg solid was added into the 6-well plates on top of the tissues.
Two tissues were treated with 50 µL Milli-Q water (negative control) and 2 tissues with 50 µL Methyl Acetate (positive control) respectively. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- After the exposure period with D-Ribose (6 hours ± 15 minutes at 37.0 ± 1.0°C), the tissues were thoroughly rinsed with Ca2+Mg2+-free D-PBS (brought to room temperature) to remove residual test item.
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- After rinsing the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and immediately transferred to and immersed in 5 mL of previously warmed Assay Medium (room temperature) in a pre- labeled 12-well plate for a 25 ± 2 minute immersion incubation at room temperature (Post- Soak). After the Post-Soak period cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and transferred to the 6-well plate containing 1.0 mL of warm Assay Medium and were incubated for 18 hours ± 15 minutes at 37°C.
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- 4.6. Experimental Design
4.6.1. Test for the Interference of the Test Item with the MTT Endpoint
A test item may interfere with the MTT endpoint if it is colored and/or it is able to directly reduce MTT. The cell viability measurement is affected only if the test item is present on the tissues when the MTT viability test is performed.
4.6.1.1. Test for Color Interference by the Test Item
D-Ribose was checked for possible color interference before the study was started. Some non-colored test items may change into colored items in aqueous conditions and thus stain the tissues during the exposure. To assess the color interference, approximately 50 mg of D-Ribose or 50 µL sterile Milli-Q water as a negative control was added to 1.0 mL Milli-Q water. The mixture was incubated for at least 1 hour at 37.0 ± 1.0°C in the dark.
Furthermore, approximately 50 mg of D-Ribose or 50 µL sterile Milli-Q water as a negative control was added to 2.0 mL isopropanol. The mixture was incubated for 2 - 3 hours at room temperature with gentle shaking. After incubation approximately 1 mL of the mixture was centrifuged for 30 seconds at 16000 g.
At the end of the exposure time, the absorbance of the solutions was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader. If after subtraction of the negative control, the OD for the test item solution is >0.08, the test item is considered as possibly interacting with the MTT measurement.
4.6.1.2. Test for Reduction of MTT by the Test Item
D-Ribose was checked for possible direct MTT reduction before the study was started. To assess the ability of the test item to reduce MTT, approximately 50 mg of D-Ribose was added to 1 mL MTT solution (1 mg/mL MTT in phosphate buffered saline). The mixture was incubated for approximately 3 hours at 37.0 ± 1.0°C in the dark. A negative control, 50 µL sterile Milli-Q water was tested concurrently. If the MTT solution color turned blue / purple or if a blue / purple precipitate was observed the test item interacts with MTT. Only test items which bind to the tissue after rinsing can interact with MTT in the main assay.
4.6.2. Test System Set Up
On the day of receipt the tissues were equilibrated (in its 24-well shipping container) to room temperature. Subsequently, tissues were transferred to 6-well plates and incubated for
20 ± 4 hours at 37°C in 1.0 mL fresh pre-warmed Assay Medium. Assay Medium was supplied by MatTek Corporation, Ashland, USA.
DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium)
Supplemented DMEM medium, serum-free supplied by MatTek Corporation. MTT medium
MTT concentrate (5 mg/mL) diluted (1:5) with MTT diluent. Environmental conditions
All incubations, were carried out in a controlled environment, in which optimal conditions were a humid atmosphere of 80 - 100% (actual range 52 - 89%), containing 5.0 ± 0.5% CO2 in air in the dark at 37.0 ± 1.0°C (actual range 36.6 - 37.4°C). Temperature and humidity were continuously monitored throughout the experiment. The CO2 percentage was monitored once on each working day. Temporary deviations from the temperature, humidity and CO2 percentage may occur due to opening and closing of the incubator door. Based on laboratory historical data these deviations are considered not to affect the study integrity.
4.6.3. Test Item Preparation
No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item.
The solid test item (55.7 to 58.2 mg) was applied directly on top of the skin tissue. Any residual volumes were discarded.
4.6.4. Application/Treatment of the Test Item
The test was performed on a total of 2 tissues per test item together with a negative control and positive control.
Before the assay was started the entire tissues were pre-wetted with 20 μL of Ca2+Mg2+-Free- DPBS. The tissues were incubated at standard culture conditions for 30 ± 2 minutes.
Two tissues were treated with 50 µL Milli-Q water (negative control) and 2 tissues with 50 µL Methyl Acetate (positive control) respectively.
At least 50 mg solid was added into the 6-well plates on top of the tissues. After the exposure period with D-Ribose (6 hours ± 15 minutes at 37.0 ± 1.0°C), the tissues were thoroughly rinsed with Ca2+Mg2+-free D-PBS (brought to room temperature) to remove residual test item.
After rinsing the cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and immediately transferred to and immersed in 5 mL of previously warmed Assay Medium (room temperature) in a pre- labeled 12-well plate for a 25 ± 2 minute immersion incubation at room temperature (Post- Soak). After the Post-Soak period cell culture inserts were each dried carefully and transferred to the 6-well plate containing 1.0 mL of warm Assay Medium and were incubated for 18 hours ± 15 minutes at 37°C.
4.6.5. Cell Viability Measurement
After incubation, cell culture inserts were dried carefully to remove excess medium. The cell culture inserts were transferred into a 24-wells plate prefilled with 0.3 mL MTT-medium (1.0 mg/mL). The tissues were incubated for 180 ± 10 minutes at 37°C.
After incubation with MTT-medium the tissues were placed on blotting paper to dry the tissues and then transferred to a pre-labeled 6-well plate containing 2 mL isopropanol in each well so that no isopropanol is flowing into the insert. Formazan was extracted with 2 mL isopropanol refrigerated overnight in the dark.
The amount of extracted formazan was determined spectrophotometrically at 570 nm in duplicate with the TECAN Infinite® M200 Pro Plate Reader.
Cell viability was calculated for each tissue as a percentage of the mean of the negative control tissues. Eye hazard potential of the test item was classified according to remaining cell viability following exposure of the test item.
5. ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA
The in vitro eye irritation test is considered acceptable if it meets the following criteria:
a) The absolute mean OD570 of the two tissues of the negative control should reasonably be
> 0.8 and < 2.5.
b) The mean relative tissue viability of the positive control should be <50% relative to the negative control.
c) The difference between the % tissue viabilities of the two identically treated replicates should be <20.
All results presented in the tables of the report are calculated using values as per the raw data rounding procedure and may not be exactly reproduced from the individual data presented.
7.1. Calculation of Cell Viability
Optical Density readings were transferred into Microsoft Excel to allow further calculations to be performed.
The corrected OD (ODc) for each sample or control was calculated by subtracting the value of the blank mean (ODbl) from each reading (ODraw).
ODc = ODraw – ODbl
The OD value representing 100% cell viability is the average OD of the negative controls (ODlt_u+MTT).
The %Viability for each sample and positive control is calculated as follows:
%Viability = (ODc/mean ODlt_u+MTT) * 100
8. COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS
Critical computerized systems used in the study are listed below. All computerized systems used in the conduct of this study have been validated; when a particular system has not satisfied all requirements, appropriate administrative and procedural controls were implemented to assure the quality and integrity of data.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- other: tissue viability (%)
- Value:
- ca. 84
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 2
Mean Tissue Viability in the EpiOcular™ Test with D-Ribose
|
Mean tissue viability (percentage of control) |
Difference between two tissues (percentage) |
Negative control |
100 |
1.5 |
D-Ribose |
84 |
9.7 |
Positive control |
15 |
1.0 |
Individual OD Measurements at 570 Nm
|
A (OD570) |
B (OD570) |
Negative control |
|
|
OD570 measurement 1 |
2.0268 |
1.9934 |
OD570 measurement 2 |
1.9704 |
1.9449 |
D-Ribose |
|
|
OD570 measurement 1 |
1.7854 |
1.5943 |
OD570 measurement 2 |
1.7494 |
1.5654 |
Positive control |
|
|
OD570 measurement 1 |
0.3211 |
0.3407 |
OD570 measurement 2 |
0.3150 |
0.3351 |
OD = Optical density
Duplicate exposures are indicated by A and B.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, D-Ribose is non-irritant in the EpiOcular™ test under the experimental conditions decribed here.
- Executive summary:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the eye hazard potential of D-Ribose. For this purpose D-Ribose was topically applied on the Reconstructed Human EpiOcular™ Model.
The possible eye hazard potential of D-Ribose was tested through topical application for 6 hours.
The study procedures described in this report were based on the most recent OECD guideline. Batch Q0926501 of D-Ribose was a white to slightly yellow powder. D-Ribose (55.7 to
58.2 mg) was applied directly on top of the tissue for 6 hours ± 15 minutes.
After exposure the cornea epithelial construct was thoroughly rinsed to remove the test item and transferred to fresh medium for an immersion incubation. Afterwards, the tissues were transferred to fresh medium and incubated for 18 hours at standard culture conditions, prior to determination of the cytotoxic (irritancy) effect.
The positive control had a mean cell viability of 15% after 6 hours ± 15 minutes exposure.The absolute mean OD570(optical density at 570 nm) of the negative control tissues waswithin the laboratory historical control data range. The difference between the percentage of viability of two tissues treated identically was less than 10%, indicating that the test system functioned properly.
Eye hazard potential is expressed as the remaining cell viability after exposure to the test item. The relative mean tissue viability obtained after 6 hours ± 15 minutes treatment with D-Ribose compared to the negative control tissues was 84%. Since the mean relative tissue viability for D-Ribose was above 60% after 6 hours ± 15 minutes treatment D-Ribose is considered to be non-irritant.
In conclusion, D-Ribose is non-irritant in the EpiOcular™ test under the experimental conditions described in this report.
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