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EC number: 947-988-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 28 July 2011
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reaction mass of 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol and 1095071-01-4 and α-sulfanyl-ω-{2-[(2-sulfanylethyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}bis[ethane- 1,2-diylsulfanediylethane- 1,2-diylsulfanediyl(3-hydroxypropane-1,1-diyl) sulfanediyl]
- EC Number:
- 947-988-8
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Reaction mass of 2,2'-thiodiethanethiol and 1095071-01-4 and α-sulfanyl-ω-{2-[(2-sulfanylethyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}bis[ethane- 1,2-diylsulfanediylethane- 1,2-diylsulfanediyl(3-hydroxypropane-1,1-diyl) sulfanediyl]
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- HPLC-UV
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: The concentrations of the test item HIDT were analysed in the duplicate test media samples from all test concentrations, and in the duplicate control samples, from both sampling times (0 and 72 hours).
- Sampling method: The samples were taken from the biological phase of the study.
Collecting, storage and handing over of the samples were the Study Director’s responsibility. The information concerning the samples was provided by the Study Director. Duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media (containing algae) of all test concentrations and from the control were taken at the start of the test.
For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the test media of all test concentrations and the control (containing algae) were taken at the end of the test (after the 72 hours test period) by pouring together the contents of the test beakers of each treatment.
All samples were diluted by a factor of two with acetonitrile.
Additional samples of the control and of the dilution solvent were taken at each sampling without any sample treatment.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a freezer (≤ - 20 °C), protected from light
until analysis was performed. Afterwards the samples were again stored deep frozen (≤ -20 °C) and will be kept stored up to the date of the final report.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Due to the low limit of water solubility of the test item a Water
Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of 15.0 mg test item/L and dilutions thereof of 1:3.16, 1:10, 1.31.25 and 1:100 equivalent to nominal concentrations of 15.0, 4.75, 1.50, 0.48 and 0.15 mg test item/L (factor 3.16) and a control were tested. The nominal concentrations of 15.0 and 4.75 mg test item/L correspond to mean measured
concentrations of 7.47 and 2.42 mg test item/L. The nominal concentrations of 1.50 and 0.48 were between LOD and LOQ and per definition would therefore be considered as half the LOQ (i.e. 0.600 mg test item/L). The nominal concentration of 0.15 mg test item/L was below LOD and per definition would therefore be considered as half the LOD (i.e. 0.200 mg test item/L). However, in order to allow a
more realistic estimation of the relevant effect concentrations, the mean recovery which was found in the two highest concentrations (50.5 %) was also considered for the lower concentrations. Thus, mean measured concentrations of 7.58, 2.40, 0.758, 0.242 and 0.076 mg test item/L (i.e. 50.5 % of the nominal values) were used for the determination of the endpoints.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): There were no remarkable observations except for a slight turbidity at the nominal concentration of 15 mg test item/L
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (KORSHIKOV), Strain No. 61.81 SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): „Sammlung von Algenkulturen,
Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Göttingen", 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
- Method of cultivation: The algae were cultivated in the laboratories of ibacon under standardised conditions according to the test guidelines.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: No
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- Calculated water hardness of the test water: 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3 .
- Test temperature:
- Water temperature was:
23.1 to 23.5 °C - pH:
- pH was:
7.9 to 8.0 at test start and
8.7 to 9.9 at test end - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 15.0, 4.75, 1.50, 0.48 and 0.15 mg test item/L
mean measured: 7.58, 2.40, 0.758, 0.242 and 0.076 mg test item/L (i.e. 50.5 % of the nominal values) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, fill volume 50 mL
- Aeration: No
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): three
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): six
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: OECD medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: The pH of the test medium was adjusted with 1 M NaOH to pH 8.1 prior to start of the experiments.
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: Mean light intensity: 5965 lux (range: 5710 to 6430 lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometer
Yield (y):
The yield is defined as the mean cell density at the end of the test minus the mean cell density at the start of the test.
Average specific growth rate (µ) and Percentage reduction of growth rate µ (I R ): y and µ were calculated for each test flask. The means were then determined as arithmetic mean values over all test flasks per treatment.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.16
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- For the evaluation of the quality of the algae and the experimental conditions the reference item potassium dichromate is tested at least twice a year to demonstrate satisfactory test conditions.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 3.05 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 9.84 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.48 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks:
- and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks:
- and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.85 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.87 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.758 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks:
- and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.242 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Remarks:
- and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- growth
- Effect conc.:
- 1.54 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 1.34 - <= 1.76
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Remarks:
- yield
- Effect conc.:
- 0.437 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 0.355 - <= 0.539
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- growth
- Effect conc.:
- 4.97 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 4.66 - <= 5.31
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Remarks:
- yield
- Effect conc.:
- 1.45 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 1.29 - <= 1.62
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- EC50: yield: 0.442 mg/L; growth rate: 1.11 mg/L; Biomass: 0.487 mg/L
Any other information on results incl. tables
Influence of HIDT on the Growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata | ||
Parameter | Yield [mg test item/L] | Growth rate [mg test item/L] |
72 h EC50 | 1.45 | 4.97 |
95% Conf. interval | 1.29-1.62 | 4.66-5.31 |
72 h EC20 | 0.658 | 2.30 |
95% Conf. interval | 0.564-0.774 | 2.08-2.54 |
72 h EC10 | 0.437 | 1.54 |
95% Conf. interval | 0.355-0.539 | 1.34-1.76 |
72 h NOEC | 0.242(0.6) | 0.242(0.6) |
72 h LOEC | 0.758(0.6) | 0.758(0.6) |
Concentrations refer to mean measured test concentrations, considering 50.5 % of the nominal values (mean recovery of the two highest concentrations) for all test concentrations. The values in brackets show the mean measured concentrations which would be considered if the definition according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23 (half the LOQ for values <LOQ, LOD for values <LOD) would be followed |
Summary of Analytical Results | ||||
Sample Description [mg test item/L] | % of nominal1 | RSD [%] | Mean measured concentration [mg test item/L]1 | n |
Control | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 4 |
Dilution 1:100 | 133 | 0 | 0.200 | 4 |
Dilution 1:31.25 | 125 | 0 | 0.600 | 4 |
Dilution 1:10 | 40 | 0 | 0.600 | 4 |
Dilution 1:3.16 | 51 | 3 | 2.42 | 4 |
WAF of 15 mg/L | 50 | 2 | 7.47 | 4 |
1 mean value of all measured samples per treatment group RSD: relative standard deviation per treatment group n: number of analysed samples; n.a.: not applicable italic: For values <LOQ, half the LOQ and for values <LOD, the LOD was used for calculating measured concentrations according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23 |
Yield y and Percentage Inhibition of y during the Test Period | ||||||
| Yields y [10000 cells/mL] and % inhibition of y | |||||
Mean measured concentration [mg test item/L] | 0-24 h | 0-48 h | 0-72 h | |||
y | % | y | % | y | % | |
Control | 5.335 | - | 39.994 | - | 157.359 | - |
0.076 (0.200) | 5.295 | 0.7 | 40.103 | -2.8 | 162.561 | -3.3 |
0.242 (0.600) | 4.741 | 11.1 | 36.553 | 6.3 | 155.810 | 1.0 |
0.758 (0.600) | 3.157 | 40.8* | 27.678 | 29.0* | 118.722 | 24.6* |
2.40 (2.42) | 2.207 | 58.6* | 11.333 | 70.9* | 48.594 | 69.1* |
7.58 (7.47) | 1.256 | 76.5* | 6.747 | 82.7* | 2.690 | 98.3* |
negative values in ‘% inhibition’ indicate an increase in growth relative to that of the control * mean value significantly different from the control (tested with Williams t-test (24h and 48h) and Bonferroni-Welch t-test (72h), α = 0.05, one-sided) Concentrations refer to mean measured test concentrations, considering 50.5 % of the nominal values (mean recovery of the two highest concentrations) for all test concentrations. The values in brackets show the mean measured concentrations which would be considered if the definition according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23 (half the LOQ for values <LOQ, LOD for values <LOD) would be followed.
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Growth Rates µ and Percentage Inhibition of µ during the Test Period | ||||||
| Yields y [10000 cells/mL] and % inhibition of y | |||||
Mean measured concentration [mg test item/L] | 0-24 h | 0-48 h | 0-72 h | |||
µ | % | µ | % | µ | % | |
Control | 2.456 | - | 2.184 | - | 1.918 | - |
0.076 (0.200) | 2.450 | 0.3 | 2.198 | -0.6 | 1.929 | -0.6 |
0.242 (0.600) | 2.348 | 4.4 | 2.152 | 1.5 | 1.914 | 0.2 |
0.758 (0.600) | 1.983 | 19.3 | 2.014 | 7.8* | 1.825 | 4.9* |
2.40 (2.42) | 1.683 | 31.5 | 1.568 | 28.2* | 1.520 | 20.8* |
7.58 (7.47) | 1.125 | 54.2 | 1.329 | 39.2* | 0.611 | 68.2* |
negative values in ‘% inhibition’ indicate an increase in growth relative to that of the control * mean value significantly different from the control (tested with sequentially rejective median test (24h) and Bonferroni-Welch t-test (48 and 72h), α = 0.05, one-sided) Concentrations refer to mean measured test concentrations, considering 50.5 % of the nominal values (mean recovery of the two highest concentrations) for all test concentrations. The values in brackets show the mean measured concentrations which would be considered if the definition according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23 (half the LOQ for values <LOQ, LOD for values <LOD) would be followed. | ||||||
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Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The influence of HIDT on the growth of the freshwater green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was assessed in a static concentration-response test. The 72-hour E y C 50 was calculated to be 1.45 mg test item/L and the 72-hour E r C 50 value was calculated to be 4.97 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOE y C was determined to be 0.242 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOE y C was 0.758 mg test item/L. The 72-hour NOE r C was determined to be 0.242 mg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOE r C was 0.758 mg test item/L.
The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified in the analytical part. All reported results refer to mean measured values since the concentrations of the test item were not within ± 20 % of the nominal concentrations during the test. - Executive summary:
In a 72 hour acute toxicity study, the cultures of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were exposed to HIDT at nominal concentrations of 0, 15.0, 4.75, 1.50, 0.48 and 0.15 mg mg a.i./L} corresponding to mean measured concentrations of 0, 7.58, 2.40, 0.758, 0.242 and 0.076 mg test item/L (i.e. 50.5 % of the nominal values) under static conditions in accordance with the OECD test guideline 201 (2011). The NOEC and EC50 values based on yield and growth rate were 1.45 and 4.97 mg a.i./L and 0.242 mg/L, respectively. The % growth inhibition in the treated algal culture as compared to the control ranged from 0 to 68.2%.
There were no compound related phytotoxic effects.
This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for an acute toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria study.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Test Type (Static):
72 hr EC50yield: 1.45 mg a.i./L 95% C.I.: 1.29 to 1.62 mg a.i./L
72 hr EC50growth rate: 4,97 mg a.i./L 95% C.I.: 4.66 to 5.31 mg a.i./L
72 hr NOEC: 0.242 mg a.i./L
Endpoint(s) Effected: Yield and growth rate
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