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EC number: 278-947-6 | CAS number: 78560-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1997-05-13 to 1997-05-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0 (Control), 6.7, 13.4, 33.4 and 66.8 mg/L and test stock solution.
- Sampling method: A series of concentrations of the test substance in distilled, deionised water were prepared to assess their stability. Their carbon content was measured initially and then again after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The concentration of the freshly prepared stock solution (in algal growth medium) used to prepare the test media was also determined. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Test substance sparingly soluble in water. 1 g/L of deionised water was stirred for 18 h and then filtered. This solution served as test substance solution.
- Controls: Not explicitly stated but appears to have used dilution water (deionised water) - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: CHODAT (86.81 SAG)
- Source: Institute for water, soil and air hygiene, Berlin and thereafter own culture
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Three days before the beginning of test, a preculture was obtained by transfer inoculation from a stock culture. The test cultures were inoculated from the preculture to a cell density of ca. 20,000 cells/ml. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23.5 to 23.7ºC in a temperature controlled room.
- pH:
- beginning of test: 7.6 to 8.0
end of test: 9.4 to 9.6
A large increase in pH values was observed in some test solutions and in the Controls. Growth was not influenced by this. - Dissolved oxygen:
- no data
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test substance loading rate used to prepare stock solution: 1000 mg/L
Before the test started, the Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentration of the stock solution was measured. The test concentrations were then based on the concentration of the stock solution. Nominal test substance concentrations used were 0, 0.09, 0.20, 0.40, 0.87, 1.78, 3.56, 7.11 mg/L DOC.
In the stability study the measured concentrations were stable within +/-20% over the course of the test.
The test results are interpreted with reference to the nominal DOC concentrations and the test substance loading rate used in the preparation of the stock solution. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: The algae were cultured in sterile, ventilated Erlenmeyer flasks under lights.
- Initial cells density: 20000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 1190000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 8
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised water used, no further information
- Culture medium different from test medium: no data
- Intervals of water quality measurement: start and end of test
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: Continuous 8000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: growth rate
- Determination of cell concentrations: by spectrophotometer (685nm) at 0, 24, 48 and 72h. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 7.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on measured DOC concentration
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 7.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on measured DOC concentration
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no observations
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: there was some slight stimulation of growth at concentrations of 1.78 mg/L and higher. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- None of the test concentrations reduced growth rate. A definitive EC50 could therefore not be calculated.
The NOEC was determined by a 't' test. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72-hour EC50 value of >7.1 mg/L and a NOEC of ≥7.1 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus based on measured concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the test media. The test medium was prepared at an initial loading rate of 1000 mg/L of the substance and was subsequently filtered before introducing the test organisms. The test substance hydrolyses in water and it is likely that the test organisms were primarily exposed to the hydrolysis products of the substance.
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please see the ecotoxicological discussion and aquatic toxicity endpoint summary for justification of read-across.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 7.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on measured DOC concentration
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 7.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- other: hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on measured DOC concentration
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- but exposure is to hydrolysis products
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A 72-hour EC50 value of >7.1 mg/L and a NOEC of ≥7.1 mg/L have been determined for the effects of the test substance on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus based on measured concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the test media. The test medium was prepared at an initial loading rate of 1000 mg/L of the substance and was subsequently filtered before introducing the test organisms. The test substance hydrolyses in water and it is likely that the test organisms were primarily exposed to the hydrolysis products of the substance.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Test results
Nominal test substance concentration (mg/L) | Mean cell concentration at start of test (cells/mL) | Mean cell concentration after 24 hours (cells/mL) | Mean cell concentration after 48 hours (cells/mL) | Mean cell concentration after 72 hours (cells/mL) |
0 (Control) | 20000 | 120000 | 440000 | 1190000 |
0.09 | 20000 | 120000 | 430000 | 1140000 |
0.20 | 20000 | 120000 | 420000 | 1110000 |
0.40 | 20000 | 110000 | 390000 | 1080000 |
0.87 | 20000 | 110000 | 440000 | 1190000 |
1.78 | 20000 | 110000 | 450000 | 1250000 |
3.56 | 20000 | 110000 | 430000 | 1290000 |
7.11 | 20000 | 110000 | 470000 | 1370000 |
The highest nominal test concentration (7.1 mg/L) did not inhibit growth of the algal cultures.
Table 2. Results of analysis of test media and stability test media
Nominal test substance concentration (mg/L) | Measured concentration at start (mg/L) | Measured concentration after 24 h (mg/L) | Measured concentration after 48 h (mg/L) | Measured concentration after 72 h (mg/L) | Mean measured concentration (mg/L) |
66.8 | 66.8 | 54.8 | 56.3 | 53.7 | 57.9 |
33.4 | 31.2 | 28.0 | 27.4 | 26.8 | 28.4 |
13.4 | 13.3 | 11.3 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 12.5 |
6.7 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 6.0 |
7.1 (Test medium stock solution. Initial nominal loading rate of 1000 mg/L) | 7.9 | - | - | - | - |
Description of key information
Short-term toxicity to aquatic algae: 72-hour ErC50 >7.1 mg/l and a NOErC of ≥7.10 mg/l (greater than the limit of solubility in water) (measured) (highest concentration tested) (EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)), read-across from an analogous/structurally related substance, [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]triethoxysilane (CAS 51851-37-7, EC 257-473-3). The ErC50 and NOErC values are equivalent to >5.9 mg/l when expressed in terms of the silanol hydrolysis product.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
There are no reliable short-term fish toxicity data available for [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]trichlorosilane (CAS 78560-45-9, EC 278-947-6), therefore good quality data for an appropriate structural analogue, [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]triethoxysilane (CAS 51851-37-7), have been read across. Both substances have the same silanol hydrolysis product, [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]silanetriol. The other hydrolysis products are hydrochloric acid and ethanol, respectively.
A 72-hour EC50 value of >7.1 mg/l and a NOEC of ≥7.1 mg/l (greater than the limit of solubility) (measured) (highest concentration tested) have been determined for the effects of [2 -(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]triethoxysilane (CAS 51851-37-7) on growth rate of Scenedesmus subspicatus (new name: Desmodesmus subspicatus) based on mean measured initial Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentration. The test medium was prepared at an initial loading rate of 1000 mg/l of the substance and was subsequently filtered before introducing the test organisms.
In view of the test media preparation method/exposure regime it is possible that the long preparation time and high pH of the test solutions could influence the exposure of the organisms to [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]triethoxysilane and its silanol hydrolysis product, [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]silanetriol. However, due to the extremely low solubility of the test substance potentially limiting hydrolysis rate, it is unclear how much of the parent substance or silanol hydrolysis product was present in the test solution, but best use has been made of the available data.
The results may be expressed in terms of concentration of the hydrolysis product, [2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl]silanetriol, by applying a molecular weight correction: (MW of silanol = 426.21 / MW of parent = 510.37) * >7.1 = >5.9 mg/l.
Refer to the discussion in IUCLID Section 6.0 for further discussion of the approach to chemical safety assessment for this registration substance, and justification for read-across used.
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