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EC number: 239-044-2 | CAS number: 14970-87-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Start of experimental phase: 01 July 2016; End of experimental phase: 01 August 2016; Study completion: 31 August 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis(ethanethiol)
- EC Number:
- 239-044-2
- EC Name:
- 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis(ethanethiol)
- Cas Number:
- 14970-87-7
- Molecular formula:
- C6H14O2S2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis(ethanethiol)
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- The test item was examined for the ability to induce gene mutations in tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, as measured by reversion of auxotrophic strains to prototrophy.
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Remarks:
- The E.coli used for this study was the strain WP2 uvrA.
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Permanent stocks of these strains are kept at -80°C in RTC. Overnight subcultures of these stocks were prepared for each day’s work. Bacteria were taken from vials of frozen cultures, which had been checked for the presence of the appropriate genetic markers, as follows:
Histidine requirement: No Growth onMinimal plates+Biotin; Growth onMinimal plates+Biotin+Histidine.
Tryptophan requirement: No Growth onMinimal agar plates; Growth onMinimal plates+Tryptophan.
- uvrA, uvrB: Sensitivity to UV irradiation.
- rfa: Sensitivity to Crystal Violet.
- pKM101: Resistance to Ampicillin.
Bacterial cultures in liquid and on agar were clearly identified with their identity.
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 liver homogenate from rats pre-treated with Phenobarbital and 5,6-Benzoflavone.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Preliminary toxicity test: 5000, 1580, 500, 158 and 50.0 µg/plate (based on solubility test).
Main Assay I:
- TA1535, TA98, TA100: ± S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
- TA1537: ± S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate
- WP2 uvrA: - S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313 µg/plate and 156 / +S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
Main Assay II:
- TA1535, TA98, TA100: ± S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
- TA1537: ± S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate
- WP2 uvrA: -S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 / + S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: compatible with the survival of the bacteria and the S9 metabolic activity.
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- 2-nitrofluorene
- sodium azide
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- Marked increases in revertant numbers were obtained in these tests following treatment with the positive control items, indicating that the assay system was functioning correctly.
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- The preliminary toxicity test and the first experiment were performed using a plate-incorporation method. The second and third experiments were performed using a pre-incubation method.
- Evaluation criteria:
- For the test item to be considered mutagenic, two-fold (or more) increases in mean revertant numbers must be observed at two consecutive dose levels or at the highest practicable dose level only. In addition, there must be evidence of a dose-response relationship showing increasing numbers of mutant colonies with increasing dose levels.
- Statistics:
- Doubling rate (Chu et al. 1981); Regression line.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- other: S.typhyimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100; E.coli WP2 uvrA
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The test item did not induce two-fold increases in the number of revertant colonies, in the plate incorporation or pre-incubation assay, at any dose level, in any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- It is concluded that the test item does not induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism, under the reported experimental conditions.
- Executive summary:
Dimercapto-1,8-dioxa-3,6-octane (DMDO) was examined for the ability to induce gene mutations in tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, as measured by reversion of auxotrophic strains to prototrophy. The five tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and WP2 uvrA were used. Experiments were performed both in the absence and presence of metabolic activation, using liver S9 fraction from rats pre-treated with Phenobarbital and 5,6-Benzoflavone. DMDO was used as a solution in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
DMDO was assayed in the toxicity test at a maximum concentration of 5000 µg/plate and at four lower concentrations spaced at approximately half-log intervals: 1580, 500, 158 and 50.0 µg/plate. At the end of the incubation period, no precipitation of the test item was observed with any tester strain, at any concentration tested, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. Toxicity was observed with WP2 uvrA tester strain, at the two highest dose levels, in the absence of S9 metabolism and with TA1537, at the highest concentration tested, both in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation.
On the basis of toxicity test results, in Main Assay I, using the plate incorporation method, the test item was assayed at the following dose levels:
- TA1535, TA98, TA100: ±S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
- TA1537: ±S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate
- WP2 uvrA: -S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate /+S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
No precipitation of DMDO was observed, at the end of the incubation period, with any tester strain, at any concentration tested, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. Slight toxicity was observed with WP2 uvrA tester strain, at the highest dose level, in the absence of S9 metabolism, and with TA1537, at the highest concentration tested, in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation. No relevant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed, at any dose level, with any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.
As no relevant increase in revertant numbers was observed at any concentration tested, a pre-incubation step was included for all treatments of Main Assay II. The dose-range was slightly modified to take into account the toxicity results of Main Assay I. The test item was assayed at the following dose levels:
- TA1535, TA98, TA100: ±S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 and 313 µg/plate
- TA1537: ± S9: 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate
- WP2 uvrA: -S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 µg/plate /+S9: 2500, 1250, 625, 313 and 156 µg/plate.
No precipitation of DMDO was observed, at the end of the incubation period, with any tester strain, at any concentration tested, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. An increasing and dose-related toxic effect was observed with almost all tester strains, in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism. Only with WP2 uvrA, a slight toxic effect was observed at the highest or two highest dose levels, in the presence and absence of S9 metabolism, respectively. In order to have a sufficient number of analysable concentrations, an additional experiment (Main Assay III), using the pre-incubation method, was performed with the following tester strains and dose-levels:
- TA1535, TA100: -S9: 625, 313, 156, 78.1 and 39.1 / +S9 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 µg/plate
- TA98: ±S9: 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78.1 µg/plate
A confirmatory slight toxicity was noticed at the highest dose level tested, with the three tester strains. No relevant increase in the number of revertant colonies was observed, at any dose level, with any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.
DMDO did not induce two-fold increases in the number of revertant colonies in the plate incorporation or pre-incubation assay, at any dose level, in any tester strain, in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. It is concluded that DMDO does not induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism, under the reported experimental conditions.
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