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EC number: 207-889-6 | CAS number: 499-75-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity study of the given test chemical.
- Author:
- PINCHING et al.
- Year:
- 1 974
- Bibliographic source:
- Brain Research
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity Study was conducted by using the given test chemical in rats.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Carvacrol
- EC Number:
- 207-889-6
- EC Name:
- Carvacrol
- Cas Number:
- 499-75-2
- Molecular formula:
- C10H14O
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenol
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material : 2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)phenol
- Common name : Carvacrol
- Molecular formula : C10H14O
- Molecular weight : 150.2196 g/mol
- Smiles notation : CC(C)c1ccc(C)c(O)c1
- InChl : 1S/C10H14O/c1-7(2)9-5-4-8(3)10(11)6-9/h4-7,11H,1-3H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: about 2 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: weighed between 28 and 39 g
- Housing: Rats were raised in cylindrical lucite cages, 20 cm in diameter and 20 cm high, with closed tops.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- other: filtered fresh air
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: No data
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: Rats were raised in cylindrical lucite cages, 20 cm in diameter and 20 cm high, with closed tops. The cages were placed on a coarse grid, and the droppings were removed twice a day.
- Source and rate of air: Fresh air was blown through filters of charcoal and molecular sieves. The flow of air was monitored with a venturimeter for each of two sets of 6 cages and kept at about 0.6 litre × sec -1 through each cage.
- Method of conditioning air: No data
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: Test chemical was introduced into the air stream from a glass bottle, the content of which was weighed before and after the experiments to measure the concentration of substance in the stream. - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 different exposure times were used, i.e. 4 weeks and 8 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- not specified
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- 2.1 ×10−8 M (0.0315 mg/l)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3 per group
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Details on study design:
- not specified
- Positive control:
- not specified
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- OTHER: The study examined the distribution of changes in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulbs following exposure to odor, rather than on the nature and progression of the morphological
alternations. - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes, the animals were sacrificed at about 1, 2 and 3 months of age. The animals were perfused in buffered saline and fixed with a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture.
- Statistics:
- not specified
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The principal microscopic morphological changes noted were a darkening and shrinkage of the cell bodies (both cytoplasm and nucleus). Moderate to dense selective degeneration was noted in the olfactory bulbs of rats.
- Neuropathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- A specific pattern of mitral cell degeneration was observed in the olfactory bulb; the pattern and extent of this 'selective degeneration' did not appear to be correlated with the concentration of the chemical. The pattern of degeneration in coronal sections was maintained through the antero-posterior extent of the bulb. These results suggest a topological representation of test chemical in
the olfactory bulb.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEC
- Effect level:
- 0.032 mg/L air
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- gross pathology
- other: Moderate to dense selective degeneration was noted in the olfactory bulbs of rats
- Remarks on result:
- other: Moderate to dense selective degeneration was noted in the olfactory bulbs of rats
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The LOAEC value was considered to be 0.0315 mg/l, when rats were treated with the given test chemical via inhalation route for 4 or 8 weeks of exposure.
- Executive summary:
Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity study was conducted by using the given test chemical on 3/group Wistar rats at test concentration of 2.1×10−8 M (0.0315 mg/l) at two different exposure times as, 4 and 8 weeks. Rats were raised in cylindrical Lucite cages, 20 cm in diameter and 20 cm high, with closed tops. The cages were placed on a coarse grid, and the droppings were removed twice a day. Fresh air was blown through filters of charcoal and molecular sieves. The flow of air was monitored with a venturimeter for each of two sets of 6 cages and kept at about 0.6 litre × sec -1 through each cage. Each substance was introduced into the air stream from a glass bottle, the content of which was weighed before and after the experiments to measure the concentration of substance in the stream. Control animals exposed to filtered fresh air only. The animals were sacrificed at about 1, 2 and 3 months of age. The animals were perfused in buffered saline and fixed with a formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture. Animals have been fixed and their olfactory bulbs have been examined and compared with control litter-mates, which have been exposed to filtered room air only. In this study emphasis has been placed upon the distribution of changes in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulbs following exposure to the given test chemical, rather than on the nature and progression of the morphological alterations. The principal microscopic morphological changes noted were a darkening and shrinkage of the cell bodies (both cytoplasm and nucleus). Moderate to dense selective degeneration was noted in the olfactory bulbs of rats. A specific pattern of mitral cell degeneration was observed in the olfactory bulb; the pattern and extent of this 'selective degeneration' did not appear to be correlated with the concentration of the chemical. The pattern of degeneration in coronal sections was maintained through the antero-posterior extent of the bulb. These results suggest a topological representation of test chemical in the olfactory bulb. Under the condition of this, the LOAEC value was considered to be 0.0315 mg/l, when rats were treated with the given test chemical via inhalation route for 4 or 8 weeks of exposure.
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