Ammonium iron(III) citrate

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to microorganisms, other

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

Experimental data of read across chemicals

Justification for type of information:

Data for the target chemical is summarized based on the structurally similar read across chemicals

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mnetioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE was prepared to determine the effect of test chemical on the growth of microorganism.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

WoE 3:
Details on sampling
- Concentrations: 200 mg/l

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

WoE 3:
PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Gyrodactylus sp. were obtained from rainbow trout placed in Petri dishes containing different concentrations of anthelmintic
- Controls: Yes

Test organisms (species):

other: Pseudomonas putida and G. Malmberg as Gyrodactylus salaris

Details on inoculum:

WoE 2: -Laboratory culture: Stock cultures of Pseudomonas putida kept on nutrient medium in agar slant tubes. For onward culturing of the test strain, new stock cultures prepared at intervals of 1 week.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: Determine the extinction of the monochromatic radioation at 436 nm for a 10mm layer of the bacterial suspension by photoelectric measurement. On the bases of the values thus measured, adjust the final turbidity value of the bacterial suspension by means of sterile saline in such a way that the extinction value for a measuring sample that has been subject to onward dilution 1 + 9 with saline will correspond to the extinction value of a Formazin standard suspension TE/F/436nm = 10.

WoE: 3
- Laboratory culture: One sample obtained from infested rainbow trout

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

16 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

60 minutes in 3rd WoE

Post exposure observation period:

WoE 2: 40 h
WoE 3: 30 and 60 minutes interval study

Test temperature:

25 ° C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

200 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

WoE 2: TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed, stoppered with cotton-lined plastic cups
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 300 ml

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Double distilled water

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Pollutant solution neutralised by addition of small amount acid or alkaline solution, in such a way that the volume added is kept as small as possible.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :

- Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ≥3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Four parallel dilution series, 1:2 to 1:2E+14 v/v. One series inoculated, one not.


WoE 3:
TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Petri Dishes
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- No. of organisms per vessel: 6 to 8 specimens
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 1

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Number of dead
(immobile) helminths.

Reference substance (positive control)
no

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

16 h

Dose descriptor:

other: TT

Effect conc.:

> 10 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 2

Duration:

60 min

Dose descriptor:

EC0

Effect conc.:

200 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Remarks on result:

other: WoE 3

1.The test result is expressed as a toxicity threshold (TT, a value between the NOEC and the LOEC),it is not possible to derive the NOEC because the result is a larger than (>) value.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

WoE 2: A toxicity threshold (TT) value for Pseudomonas putida when exposed to test chemical is >10,000 mg/L.
WoE 3: EC0 was observed to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical.
Thus based on the above study results, it is concluded that test substance is likely to be not toxic to aquatic microorganisms at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Executive summary:

Following studies have been summarized to determine the effect of test chemical on micro-organisms, has been reviewed and mention as below:

 

To study the effects of test chemical on micro-organisms. Test conducted under the static system for 16 hours. 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks was used. Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ≥3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures. A toxicity threshold (TT) value for Pseudomonas putida when exposed to test chemical is >10,000 mg/L. Thus based on the effect concentration, it is observed that the chemical was nontoxic.

 

Study was conducted to determine the effect of test chemical on the growth reduction of Gyrodactylus salaris. In an in - vitro toxicity study, Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical in the concentration of 200 mg/l. No effect were observed on Percentage reduction and number of dead (immobile) Gyrodactylus salaries. Therefore, EC0 was considered to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical. Thus chemical consider to be nontoxic.

 

 

Similar study from peer reviewed journal supports the nontoxic nature of test chemical. Study was conducted to determine the effect of test chemical on the growth reduction of Gyrodactylus salaris. In an in - vitro toxicity study, Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical in the concentration of 200 mg/l. No effect were observed on Percentage reduction and number of dead (immobile) Gyrodactylus salaries. Therefore, EC0 was considered to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical. Thus chemical consider to be nontoxic.

 

Thus based on the above study results, it is concluded that test substance is likely to be not toxic to aquatic microorganisms at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Description of key information

WoE 2: A toxicity threshold (TT) value for Pseudomonas putida when exposed to test chemical is >10,000 mg/L.              

WoE 3: EC0 was observed to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical.

Thus based on the above study results, it is concluded that test substance is likely to be not toxic to aquatic microorganisms at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:

200 mg/L

Additional information

Following studies have been summarized to determine the effect of test chemical on micro-organisms, has been reviewed and mention as below:

 

To study the effects of test chemical on micro-organisms. Test conducted under the static system for 16 hours. 300 ml Erlenmeyer flasks was used. Concentration of the bacterial suspension measured turbidimetrically, and expressed as extinction of the primary light of monochromatic radiation at 436nm for a layer 10mm thick. The concentration at which the inhibitory action of a pollutant starts will be present in that step of a dilution series of the pollutant having an extinction value at the end of the test period that is ≥3% below the mean value of extinction for non-toxic dilutions of the test cultures. A toxicity threshold (TT) value for Pseudomonas putida when exposed to test chemical is >10,000 mg/L. Thus based on the effect concentration, it is observed that the chemical was nontoxic.

 

Study was conducted to determine the effect of test chemical on the growth reduction of Gyrodactylus salaris. In an in - vitro toxicity study, Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical in the concentration of 200 mg/l. No effect were observed on Percentage reduction and number of dead (immobile) Gyrodactylus salaries. Therefore, EC0 was considered to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical. Thus chemical consider to be nontoxic.

 

 

Similar study from peer reviewed journal supports the nontoxic nature of test chemical. Study was conducted to determine the effect of test chemical on the growth reduction of Gyrodactylus salaris. In an in - vitro toxicity study, Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical in the concentration of 200 mg/l. No effect were observed on Percentage reduction and number of dead (immobile) Gyrodactylus salaries. Therefore, EC0 was considered to be 200 mg/l when Gyrodactylus sp. infecting rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with test chemical. Thus chemical consider to be nontoxic.

 

Thus based on the above study results, it is concluded that test substance is likely to be not toxic to aquatic microorganisms at environmentally relevant concentrations.