Barium bis(dihydrogenorthophosphate)

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Acceptable study, meeting scientific principles. Test method not fully documented.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: "Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians” U.S. EPA 1975.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Test concentrations were prepared by direct addition of weighed amounts of test material to seawater or by pipetting appropriate volumes of weighed amounts of test material mixed with solvent/carrier.

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinodon variegatus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Sheepshead minnow
- Source: hatched and reared at study site or obtained form EPA's Envrion. Research Lab. Fulf Breese, USA
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 14 - 28 days
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 8 - 15 mm
- Feeding during test: no


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): salinity of seawater 10-31 ‰, temperature 25 - 31 °C
- Type and amount of food: Artemia salina nauplii
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortality <3%

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass jars (either 4-L glass jars containing 3 L of test solution or 19-L glass jars containing 15 L.
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: filtered natural seawater of ambient salinity.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: oxygen concentration was measured daily, pH was measured at test start and termnation.



EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
mortality after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Aucte toxicity test (96 h) conducted with wild cought fish at low (3 - 8 ppt) and high salinity (17-23 ppt).

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Fundulus heteroclitus

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: of
- Source: collected from areas in New Jersey, included Shark River, Shrewsbury River and Horseshoe Cove at Sandy Hook, USA
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 1.1 - 6.0 g

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: ≥3 days
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same. Acclimation in either waters of low salinities (3 to 8 ppt) or high salinities (17 to
23 ppt) in water obtained from either Horseshoe Cove or from the ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, USA. The natural waters were diluted with tap water in order to obtain the required salinity.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

brackish water

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test temperature:

20°C

Salinity:

low (3 - 8 ppt) and high salinity (17-23 ppt)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal test substance concentration: 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 3.7 L glass vessels
- No. of organisms per vessel: 3
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 3


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: waters of low salinities (3 to 8 ppt) or high salinities (17 to 23 ppt) in water obtained from either Horseshoe Cove or from the ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, USA. The natural waters were diluted with tap water in order to obtain the required salinity.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: Natural lighting allowed a normal day-night regime.


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Mortality after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: salinity 6 ppt

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: salinity 22 ppt

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Justification for type of information:

Please refer to the analogue justification attached to chapter 13.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

500 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

not specified

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

please refer to the analogue justification attached to chapter 13

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: salinity 6 ppt

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: salinity 22 ppt

Additional information

Data on the acute toxicity of barium bis(dihydrogen orthophosphate) to fish are not available. The assessment was therefore based on experimental data on barium sulphate and barium chloride dehydrate. The read across approach is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex XI, 1.5.. An acute toxicity on the read across substance barium chloride determined not detrimental effects on fish (Dorfman, 1977). The study was conducted with Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog) in saltwater of high and low salinity, respectively. The test fish were exposed to substance concentrations of 1 – 1000 mg/L for 96 hours. The tolerance of the test fish to barium chloride was assessed by determining the mortality. After 96 h a LC50 >1000 mg/L was determined.

The second available read across study was conducted with barium (the salt is not stated in the report). The study was conducted according to “Methods for acute toxicity tests with fish, macroinvertebrates and amphibians” U.S. EPA 1975. The test species Cyprinodon variegatus was exposed for 96 hours in natural seawater. A LC50 >500 mg/L was determined.