Benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]-, N-Me derivatives, molybdatesilicates

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reiviewed journal

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of green s in rats

Author:

S. A. CLODE

Year:

1987

Bibliographic source:

Food Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 995-997, 1987

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 422 (Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction / Developmental Toxicity Screening Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Combined repeated dose repro-devp. Screen of Green S (Hydrogen [4-[4-(dimethylamino)α-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium, monosodium salt) in rats

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Hydrogen [4-[4-(dimethylamino)-α-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium, monosodium salt

EC Number:

221-409-2

EC Name:

Hydrogen [4-[4-(dimethylamino)-α-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium, monosodium salt

Cas Number:

3087-16-9

Molecular formula:

C27H26N2O7S2.Na

IUPAC Name:

Hydrogen [4-[4-(dimethylamino)-α-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium, monosodium salt

Test material form:

solid

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Hydrogen [4-[4-(dimethylamino)-α-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulphonato-1-naphthyl)benzylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium, monosodium salt
- Molecular formula :C27H26N2O7S2.Na
- Molecular weight: 576.623 g/mol
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Green S (Wool Green BS; CI (1971) No. 44090; EEC E.142, monosodium salt of 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-diphenylmethylene-2-naphthol-3,6-disulphonic acid, sodium 5-[4-dimethylamino-~-(4-dimethyliminocyclohexa - 2,5 - dienylidene)benzyl] - 6-hydroxy-7 sulphonatonaphthalene-2-sulphonate))
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C27H26N2O7S2.Na
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 576.6 g/mole
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): Dye 82% (80%); volatile matter, 3.37% (4.9%); water insoluble matter, 0.01% (0.07%); sodium chloride, 1.4% (2.6%); sodium sulphate, 8.5% (6.0%); pH (of a 1% solution in distilled water), 5.4 (2.9); lead, < 5 ppm; copper, 4 ppm (2 ppm); chromium, 6 ppm (8 ppm); zinc, 9 ppm (5 ppm); iron, 30 ppm (35 ppm); cadmium, < 1 ppm; mercury, 0.2 ppm (< I ppm); free aromatic amines (as aniline), 29 ppm (17 ppm); Michler's hydrol, <0.01% (<0.02%); Michler's ketone, < 0.01%; R-acid, 0.11% (0.05%); subsidiary dyes, < 1%; ether extractable material, 0.14%.

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Specified-pathogen-free colony (Olac (1976) Ltd, Bicester, Oxon)
- Age at study initiation: (P) x wks; (F1) x wks: No data available
- Weight at study initiation: (P) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g; (F1) Males: x-x g; Females: x-x g: No data available
- Fasting period before study: No data available
- Housing: Animals were housed in five per caged till 7 weeks and then individually.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Spratt's Laboratory Diet No. 5, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Tap-water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 weeks

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 ± 2°C
- Humidity (%): 40-60%
- Air changes (per hr): No data available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): No data available

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):

not specified

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS: The dosing solutions were prepared at concentrations 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg such that a volume of 10 ml/kg was administered daily.

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): No data available
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): No data available
- Storage temperature of food: No data available

VEHICLE
- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): Water
- Concentration in vehicle: 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 ml/kg
- Lot/batch no. (if required): No data available
- Purity: No data available

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1 : 1 ratio
- Length of cohabitation: Overnight
- Proof of pregnancy: [vaginal plug / sperm in vaginal smear] referred to as [day 0 / day 1] of pregnancy Sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): Individually
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: This procedure was repeated over several consecutive days until at least 30 females had been allocated to each treatment group.

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

19 days

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Details on study schedule:

- Dose selection rationale: No data available
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): The day of sperm detection was designated day 0 of pregnancy and the mated females were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups. This procedure was repeated over several consecutive days until at least 30 females had been allocated to each treatment group.
- Rationale for selecting satellite groups: No data available
- Post-exposure recovery period in satellite groups: No data available
- Section schedule rationale (if not random): No data available

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

250 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

500 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

Total: 120
0 mg/kg/day: 30 female
250 mg/kg/day: 30 female
500 mg/kg/day: 30 female
1000 mg/kg/day: 30 female

Control animals:

yes, concurrent no treatment

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

not specified

Positive control:

not specified

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

Body weigth were observed.

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

Presence of cornified and epithelial cells of Estrous cyclicity were observed.

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

not specified

Litter observations:

Weight of fetuses, Dead, live or resorbed fetuses were recorded.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

Gross appearances were observed.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Sex, Gross skeletal and soft-part abnormalities were observed

Statistics:

not specified

Reproductive indices:

Number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, Pre-implantation losses, Early resorptions, Late resorptions and Post-implantation losses was recorded.

Offspring viability indices:

Viability of fetuses were observed.

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No statistically significant differences were observed in treated female rats as compared to control.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not specified

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not specified

Reproductive performance:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No effect were observed on number of corpora lutea, implantation sites, Pre-implantation losses, early resorptions, late resorptions and post-implantation losses of treated female rats as compared to control.

Effect levels (P0)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

gross pathology

histopathology: non-neoplastic

reproductive performance

Remarks on result:

other: No effect observed

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Results: P1 (second parental generation)

General toxicity (P1)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Neuropathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function / performance (P1)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not specified

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not specified

Reproductive performance:

not specified

Effect levels (P1)

Dose descriptor:

other: not specified

Based on:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Basis for effect level:

other: not specified

Remarks on result:

other: not specified

Target system / organ toxicity (P1)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No effect was observed on live fetuses of treated female rats as compared to control.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No significant effect was observed on fetuses of treated female rats as compared to control.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, non-treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Statistically significant increase in fetuses with mucus in tracea were observed in 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day treated female rats as compared to control.
This finding was observed at all dose levels and the incidence was not dose related.
Ossification of proximal phalanges and fourth metacarpals of skeletal tissue were observed in 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day treated fetoses as compared to control.
Despite this association with treatment, the nature of the finding does not indicate an adverse effect.

Histopathological findings:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

viability

body weight and weight gain

gross pathology

Remarks on result:

other: No effect observed

Target system / organ toxicity (F1)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Results: F2 generation

General toxicity (F2)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

not specified

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

not specified

Histopathological findings:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Developmental neurotoxicity (F2)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity (F2)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Effect levels (F2)

Dose descriptor:

other: not specified

Generation:

other: not specified

Based on:

not specified

Sex:

not specified

Basis for effect level:

other: not specified

Remarks on result:

other: not specified

Target system / organ toxicity (F2)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Relation to other toxic effects:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1.Results of the examination of the reproductive system and foetuses of female rats given 0-1000mg Green S/kg/day in aqueous solution, by oral intubation, throughout pregnancy

	Mean no. (value)/pregnant female given doses (mg/kg/day) of:
Observation	0	250	500	1000
Corpora lutea	12.13	11.57	11.67	12.03
Implantations	10.60	10.93	10.13	10.83
Pre-implantation losses	1.57	0.64	1.54	1.20
Early resorptions	0.50	0.60	0.40	0.57
Late resorptions	0.03	0.13	0.17	0.13
Post-implantation losses	0.53	0.73	0.57	0.70
Live foetuses	10.07	10.20	9.53	10.13
Litter weight (g)	34.2	34.7	33.6	35.9
Mean foetal weight (g)	3.40	3.42	3.49	3.53

The results are means for groups of 30 females. There were no significant differences between the control and test groups (the exact test of Fisher, 1934): P > 0.05.

Table 2. Incidence of statistically significant findings in rat pups from females given 0-1000mg Green S/kg/day in aqueous solution, by oral intubation, throughoutpregnancy

Finding	Dose level (mg/kg/day)...	No. of pups affected
		0	250	500	1000
Visceral findings
No. of pups examined...		138	137	133	136
Mucus in tracea		3	11*	13**	13**
Skeletal findings
No. of pups examined...		131	134	129	135
Proximal phalanges ossified		23	19	35	38*
Metacarpals ossified		53	56	71*	82***

Values marked with asterisks differ significantly (chi-square test) from those of the control: *P <0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for P and F1 generation when Water female rats treated with Green S.

Executive summary:

In a Combined repeated dose repro-devp. Screen,Water female rats treated with Green S in the concentration of0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day orally by gavage. No effect was observed on body weight of treated rats as compared to control. Similarly,No effect were observed onnumber of corpora lutea, implantation sites, Pre-implantation losses, early resorptions, late resorptions and post-implantation losses of treated female rats as compared to control. No effect was observed on fetal weight as compared to control. In addition,Slightly green colouring in the gastro-intestinal tract and the placental tissue were observed in treated female rats. Green colouring of the gastro-intestinal tract and placenta were observed because Green S is largely unabsorbed.Statistically significant increase in fetuses with mucus in tracea were observed in 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day and Ossification of proximal phalanges and fourth metacarpals of Skeletal tissue were observed in 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day treated fetoses as compared to control. This findings were observed at all dose levels and the incidence was not dose related. Despite this association with treatment, the nature of the finding does not indicate an adverse effect. Therefore,NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for P and F1 generation when Water female rats treated with Green S orally by gavage for 19 days.