Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

not stated

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Similar to OECD guidelines. However, only four bacterial strains were tested (TA 1535 omitted).

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Cyto- and genotoxic effects of coordination complexes of platinum, palladium and rhodium in vitro

Author:

Bunger J. et al.

Year:

1996

Bibliographic source:

International Archives of Environmental Health, 69, 33-38

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Revised test protocol of Maron and Ames (1983)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

The study differred principally from OECD TG471 in that only four bacterial strains were tested. The recommended strain TA1535 was ommitted.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV)

IUPAC Name:

Potassium hexachloroplatinate (IV)

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate

EC Number:

240-979-3

EC Name:

Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate

Cas Number:

16921-30-5

Molecular formula:

Cl6Pt.2K

IUPAC Name:

dipotassium hexachloroplatinate(2-)

Method

Target gene:

Histidine operon

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Sprague-Dawley rat liver, Induced with phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

The test substance was dissolved in distilled water and diluted to 5-500 ug/plate [or possibly 10, 50, 100 or 500 ug/plate] in all four tester strains, in the absence or presence of (4% and 10%) S9. The number of revertant colonies on the plates were recorded after 48 hours of incubation in the dark at 37degC.

Controls

Controls 1

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Distilled water

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

Controls 2

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-aminofluorene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

Tests were done in duplicate at least three times.

Evaluation criteria:

For the test substance to be considered mutagenic, a two-fold (or more) increase in the mean revertant numbers must be observed in the plates containing the test substanced compared to the spontaneous reversion rate.

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102

Metabolic activation:

with

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA98, TA100 and TA102

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

positive

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium, other: TA97a

Metabolic activation:

without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

The test substance caused a 2- to greater than 10-fold increase in revertants in all four tester strains (compared with spontaneous reversion rates), in the presence of S9. In the absence of S9, a 2- to 10-fold increase in reversion rates was seen in three tester strains, whereas in TA97a no mutagenic effect was evident. "The increase in reverse mutation rates in the samples that tested positive was dosage-dependent",

Any other information on results incl. tables

High doses of the metal compounds proved toxic to the tester strains", resulting in a thinning of the background bacterial lawn. Although no actual data provided for potassium hexachloroplatinate, the minimum toxic dose for the platinum salts was apparently 100 ug/plate.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive

Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate was mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay using four Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102) when tested in the presence and absence of a rat liver metabolic activation (S9) system.

Executive summary:

Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate was assessed for mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay, similar to OECD Test Guideline 471, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 and tested at up to 500 μg/plate in both the presence and absence of a metabolic activation system (S9) derived from phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone induced rat livers.

 

Mutagenic effects were seen in all four strains in the presence of metabolic activation and in all but strain TA97a in its absence. Although no cytotoxicity data were provided for the test material, the minimum toxic dose for the platinum salts was apparently 100 μg/plate.