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EC number: 231-596-2 | CAS number: 7647-10-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 February to 28 February 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study (OECD), to GLP
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No untreated (control) areas; no evidence that systemic adverse effects were recorded.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No untreated (control) areas; no evidence that systemic adverse effects were recorded.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Palladium dichloride
- EC Number:
- 231-596-2
- EC Name:
- Palladium dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-10-1
- Molecular formula:
- Cl2Pd
- IUPAC Name:
- palladium dichloride
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Palladium II chloride
- Substance type: brown powder
- Physical state: solid
- Analytical purity: no data
- Isomers composition: no data
- Lot/batch No.: MD0006
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in grey plastic tub
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: David Percival Ltd, Moston, Sandbach, Cheshire, UK
- Age at study initiation: 12-16 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 2.3-2.5 kg
- Housing: Individually housed in suspended metal cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 18-21
- Humidity (%): 49-56
- Air changes (per hr): 15 changes
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To:
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: clipped
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 ml - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single 4 hour exposure
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 3 (1 male and 2 females)
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm
- % coverage:
- Type of wrap if used: The patch was secured with a strip of surgical adhesive tape (2.5 cm x 4 cm), and the trunk of each rabbit wrapped in an elasticated corset.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): any residual test material removed by gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in distilled water followed by diethyl ether
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hr
SCORING SYSTEM: The treated skin area was qualitatively and quantitatively scored using the Draize method at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hrs following removal of the patches (see OECD guidelines for grading of skin reactions). The primary irritation index is given by the sum of the values for erythema and oedema at the 24 and 72-hr readings and divided by 6.
Primary irritation index Classification
0 non-irritant
>0-2 mild irritant
>2-5 moderate irritant
>5-8 severe irritant
In addition, attention was paid to the occurrence of other skin reactions and irreversible alteration of the dermal tissue (which would lead to a classification of corrosive effects); systemic toxic effects were evidently not assessed.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- primary dermal irritation index (PDII)
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24 and 72 hrs
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days (for erythema/ oedema), although crust formation and desquamation seen on day 7
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48 and 72 hr
- Score:
- 3.2
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days (for erythema/ oedema), although crust formation and desquamation seen on day 7
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Very slight to well-defined erythema was noted in all three rabbits assessed at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hr after patch removal. Very slight (1 animal) to slight oedema (2 animals) was noted 1 hour after patch removal, with very slight to moderate oedema at the 24- and 48-hr observations. Very slight (1 animal), slight (1 animal), or no oedema (1 animal) was seen at the 72-hr observation.
Skin reactions noted in all three rabbits 7 days after treatment were crust formation and desquamation. No corrosive effects were noted. - Other effects:
- No data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not classified
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- In a guideline study, to GLP, palladium dichloride applied to the clipped skin of three rabbits (4-hr semi-occluded) produced a primary irritation index of 3 and was considered as a moderate irritant according to the Draize classification system. No corrosive effects were noted. However, as the test material produced “positive criteria” in only 1 of 3 rabbits according to the EU CLP criteria (i.e. a mean grade of >2.3 at the 24, 48 and 72 hr time for oedema in one animal only), classification as a skin irritant is not required.
- Executive summary:
Palladium dichloride was investigated for irritant (and corrosive) effects following 4-hr (semi-occluded) application (0.5 g), moistened with 0.5 ml distilled water, to the clipped skin of three New Zealand white rabbits (one male and two females) in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 404 (with slight deviations), and to GLP. Following removal of the patch (and residual test material), the sites were observed for signs of erythema and oedema at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs using the Draize grading scores. The test site was again assessed at day 7; no untreated site (as recommended by the OECD) was apparently assessed.
Very slight to well-defined erythema and very slight to moderate oedema were seen. Crust formation or desquamation were observed on all three animals 7 days after treatment. The test material produced a primary irritation index of 3 (from the mean of the 24- and 72 -readings) and was considered as a moderate irritant according to the Draize classification system. No corrosive effects were noted.
However, as the test material produced “positive criteria” in only 1 of 3 rabbits according to the EU CLP criteria (i.e. a mean grade of >2.3 at the 24-, 48- and 72-hr time for oedema in one animal only), classification as a skin irritant is not required.
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