Methanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl-, ethanedioate

Biological effects monitoring

Administrative data

Endpoint:

biological effects monitoring

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Data from literature; despite the global experiment is well documented and scientifically acceptable, details about the tested substance composition are missing. Read across from a similar substance which has the same main component and with a different counter ion that does not influence the characteristics related to the specific end-point.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Effetto tossici del verde malachite su alcuni parametri biochimici di trota iridea (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum).

Author:

Lanari D., Lang G., Ballestrazzi R.

Year:

1996

Bibliographic source:

Rivista Italiana di Acquacultura, 31(2): 59-74.

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The enzyme activities were determined in accordance Tonhazy et al.(1950), Karmen (1955), Reitman and Frankel (1957); Amador et al.(1966).

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of study / information:

Toxic effects of Malachite Green on some biochemical parametres of Rainbow trout.

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Malachite Green

IUPAC Name:

Malachite Green

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

The activity of GOT was not influenced by malachite green, while we observed a significant increase in the activity of GPT. The changes in the activity of GPT proportional to the concentration of the product (they were influenced by exposure time). After 48 hours of exposure the enzyme activity began to decrease, returning to normal after 72 hours. After treatment with MG were observed modifications also in the activity of LDH's significant after 48, 72 and 96 hours, but not depended on the concentration of the product. The highest value was observed after 72 hours exposure to 0.4 ppm of MG.. No effect of MG you could see the activity of AChE. The only significant change was the increase after 48 hours of exposure, concentration of 0.05 ppm. Blood glucose increased during treatment with malachite green, showing a strong effect of general stress. After 48 hours of exposure, this variable is returned to normal values. The activity of hepatic microsomal dell'UDP-GT showed no significant change during treatment, while the VM inhibits the activity of GST after 48 hours. Following the values returned to normal.

Activity of LDH

Hours	0.05 ppm	0.20 ppm	0.40 ppm
24	72.98 ± 10-64	88.55 ± 57.47	123.63 ± 40.76
48	140.93 ± 48.90	168.75 ± 32.03	146.01 ± 58.89
72	112.99 ± 40.27	106.74 ± 19.22	244.48 ± 55.33
96	191.23 ± 54.27	110.39 ± 38.12	173.16 ± 66.27
Control: 1102.75 ± 439.06

Activity of AChE

Hours	0.05 ppm	0.20 ppm	0.40 ppm
24	117.27 ± 15.62	87.59 ± 20.81	96.93 ± 20.21
48	156.26 ± 39.00	112.05 ± 22.54	118.68 ± 19.18
72	96.79 ± 24.28	101.98 ± 39.51	128.15 ± 22.99
96	117.70 ± 43.80	127.38 ± 50.37	93.28 ± 26.105
Control: 99.15 ± 38.82

Rate of glucose

Hours	0.05 ppm	0.20 ppm	0.40 ppm
24	70.90 ± 12.07	109.82 ± 8.84	145.00 ± 19.04
48	171.58 ± 28.75	172.76 ± 17.49	171.11 ± 24.32
72	168.76 ± 15.19	80.07 ± 14.32	104.51 ± 23.70
96	102.91 ± 13.92	110.77 ± 21.23	106.63 ± 23.24
Control: 85.43 ± 24.16

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The results show that Malachite Green does not interfere on the nervous system, but causes damage to the liver and inhibits the process of conjugation.

Executive summary:

One hundred rainbow trout (100 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into four plastic tanks (300 l) and exposed to four concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.20, 0.40 ppm) of malachite green for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. At the end of each period of exposure, 5 fish per tank were subjected to blood sampling to determine blood glucose and the activity of plasma enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH and AChE),and sampling to determine the activity of liver hepatic microsomal enzymes (UDP-GT and GST). MG has little effect on AChE and GOT, and LDH, GPT and glucose increased after 48 hours of exposure. The activity of UDP-GT was not affected by the MG, while GST was inhibited only after 48 hours of exposure.

Conclusion

The results show that Malachite Green does not interfere on the nervous system, but causes damage to the liver and inhibits the process of conjugation.