Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isolkanes, alkenes

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2011

Report date:

2011

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isolkanes, alkenes

EC Number:

810-258-3

Molecular formula:

not applicable; UVCB

IUPAC Name:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isolkanes, alkenes

Constituent 2

Reference substance name:

Alcohols, C2-33, manuf. of, by-products from overheads

IUPAC Name:

Alcohols, C2-33, manuf. of, by-products from overheads

Test material form:

liquid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material: Alcohols, C2-33, manuf. of, by-products from overheads
- Substance type: Product, HF-1000
- Physical state: clear yellow liquid
- Odour: oily/solvent
- Purity test date: 2010/10/24
- Lot/batch No.: 68310

Method

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9 enzymes from the livers of Aroclor 1254-treated adult, male Fisher rats

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Toxicity test: 17 / 50 / 167 / 500 / 1667 / 5000 µg/plate
Main tests: 17 / 50 / 167 / 500 / 1667 / 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Acetone
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Initial solubility tests showed that acetone was a suitable solvent. It was therefore used to formulate the test substance throughout the study.

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: Sodium azide, 1 µg/plate with S. typhimurium TA 1535 and TA100; 9-Aminoacridine, 80 µg/plate with S. typhimurium TA 1537; 2-Nitrofluorene, 1 µg/plate with S. typhimurium TA 98; N-Ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 2 µg/plate with E. coli WP2uvrA

Remarks:

without metabolic activation

Controls 2

Untreated negative controls:

no

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

DMSO

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene, 2 µg/plate with S. typhimurium TA 1535 and TA 1537, 0.5 µg/plate with S. typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100, 20 µg/plate with E. coli WP2uvrA

Remarks:

with metabolic activation

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (direct plate method) in the first test; pre-incubation in the second (repeat) test


DURATION
- Preincubation period: 20 min (only in the repeat test)
- Exposure duration: 2 days in the toxoicity test; 3 days in the mutation tests


NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3


DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY:
- Method: Plates were microscopically examined for thinning of background lawn, condition of background lawn was assessed as normal, slightly thin lawn, thin lawn, very thin lawn or lawn absent.


OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- The numbers of mutant colonies on each plate were determined using a Sorcerer Colony Counter (Perceptive Instruments) and captured electronically in a validated software system (Ames Study Manager, Perceptive Instruments), the plates were also examined microscopically for precipitates and for microcolony growth (condition of backgroun lawn was assessed as in the toxicity test).
- Quality control of bacterial strains: All bacterial strains were tested for ampicillin resistence, crystal violet and ultraviolett radiation sensitivity and for essential animo acid requirement.

OTHER:
To establish suitable exposure levels for the first mutation test an initial dose-finding test in the presence and absence of S9 mix with a single strain of bacteria, S. typhimurium TA 100 and one plate per exposure level was conducted (Toxicity test).

Evaluation criteria:

Interpretation of mutagenicity:
- doubling of the mean concurrent vehicle control value for S. typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 98 and for E. coli WP2uvrA, resp. 1.5-fold increase over the control value for S. typhimurium strain TA 100
- if the mean colony count on the vehicle control plates was less than 10, then a minimum count of 20 is (representing a 2-fold increase over 10) is required before a response is registered.
- concentration-related response, at high concentration, this relationship may be reversed
- a response should be reproducible in the independent test
Acceptance criteria:
- each bacterial strain demonstrated typical responses to crystal violet, ampicillin and ultralviolet radiation
- at least 2 of the 3 vehicle control plates were within the historical vehicle control data
- at least 2-fold increases over the mean vehicle control values in at least 2 of the 3 positive control plates for each strain and activation state were obtained (in the case of TA 100, at least 1.5-fold was obtained)
- no toxicity or contamination was observed in at least 4 concentration levels
- in cases where a mutagenic response was observed, no more than one exposure level was discarded below the concentration that gave the highest mean colony number

Statistics:

not performed

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

other: not tested

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

other: not tested

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: no data
- Effects of osmolality: no data
- Evaporation from medium: not applicable
- Water solubility: no data
- Precipitation: Precipitation at 500, 1667 and 5000 µg/plate in both absence and presence of S9 mix.
- Other confounding effects: nothing mentioned

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: No toxicity to the bacteria was observed in either the absence or the presence of S9 mix.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: The vehicle control values were within the normal/historical ranges recorded in the testing laboratory and reported in the literature with these strains of S. typhimurium and E. coli (Ames et al, 1975; Gatehouse et al, 1994).
The positive control values were also within the normal/historical ranges for each bacterial strain and activation condition.

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table #1: Toxicity test with S. typhimurium strain TA 100

	without metabolic activation		with metabolic activation
Dose level [µg/plate]	Revertant colony count	Ratio treated/solvent	Revertant colony count	Ration treated/solvent
Acetone	87	-	95	-
17	62	0.7	87	0.9
50	81	0.9	112	1.2
167	78	0.9	81	0.9
500	79 P	0.9	79 P	0.8
1667	75 P	0.9	112 P	1.2
5000	75 P	0.9	66 P	0.7

P = Precipitate

Table #2: First Mutation Assay (Direct Plate Incorporation Method)

	TA 1535				TA 1537				TA 98
	- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix
Dose level[µg/plate]	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertantsper plate± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio
Acetone	11.3 ± 2.1	-	13.7 ± 7.8	-	9.7 ± 3.1	-	7.3 ± 3.2	-	17.0 ± 5.6	-	33.0 ± 10.4	-
17	7.7 ± 4.9	0.7	11.0 ± 3.5	0.8	10.7 ± 1.2	1.1	13.0 ± 3.6	1.8	18.3 ± 3.5	1.1	34.0 ± 7.0	1.0
50	14.3 ± 2.9	1.3	8.7 ± 2.9	0.6	12.0 ± 1.0	1.2	8.0 ± 4.6	1.1	20.7 ± 5.5	1.2	31.3 ± 2.1	0.9
167	8.7 ± 2.9	0.8	11.0 ± 3.5	0.8	7.7 ± 4.6	0.8	13.0 ± 1.7	1.8	22.7 ± 7.6	1.3	29.3 ± 4.2	0.9
500	10.0 ± 6.6 P	0.9	11.7 ± 3.8 P	0.9	6.7 ± 2.5 P	0.7	12.7 ± 2.1 P	1.7	19.3 ± 6.4 P	1.1	26.7 ± 5.9 P	0.8
1667	6.3 ± 5.1 P	0.6	11.0 ± 4.6 P	0.8	7.3 ± 2.3 P	0.8	14.0 ± 4.6 P	1.9	24.0 ± 8.5 P	1.4	27.3 ± 5.1 P	0.8
5000	8.3 ± 2.9 P	0.7	14.0 ± 4.6 P	1.0	12.7 ± 3.1 P	1.3	13.3 ± 3.2 P	1.8	23.7 ± 8.3 P	1.4	30.3 ± 2.3 P	0.9
Positive Control	444.0 ± 49.0	39.2	331.0 ± 26.5	24.2	3764.0 ± 423.2	389.4	272.0 ± 14.1	37.1	918.7 ± 184.7	54.0	365.0 ± 12.8	11.1

P = Precipitate

Table #2 (continued): First Mutation Assay (Direct Plate Incorporation Method)

	TA 100				WP2uvrA
	- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix
Dose level [µg/plate]	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio
Acetone	92.7 ± 5.5	-	93.0 ± 18.5	-	6.7 ± 4.5	-	8.0 ± 3.5	-
17	91.3 ± 11.4	1.0	82.3 ± 13.6	0.9	7.7 ± 4.7	1.1	11.0 ± 3.5	1.4
50	90.3 ± 8.6	1.0	92.3 ± 7.4	1.0	9.7 ± 5.0	1.5	9.0 ± 2.6	1.1
167	85.3 ± 22.6	0.9	69.3 ± 17.8	0.7	7.0 ± 3.6	1.1	11.7 ± 5.0	1.5
500	75.7 ± 9.1 P	0.8	75.7 ± 7.1 P	0.8	7.3 ± 2.5 P	1.1	11.3 ± 4.0 P	1.4
1667	95.3 ± 21.4 P	1.0	76.0 ± 7.2 P	0.8	6.7 ± 2.5 P	1.0	8.7 ± 2.1 P	1.1
5000	87.0 ± 10.8 P	0.9	83.7 ± 17.5 P	0.9	9.0 ± 6.2 P	1.3	9.0 ± 5.3 P	1.1
Positive control	759.7 ± 24.8	8.2	550.7 ± 66.0	5.9	174.7 ± 21.4	26.2	685.7 ± 60.1	85.7

P = Precipitate

Table #3: Second Mutation Assay (Pre-incubation Method)

	TA 1535				TA 1537				TA 98
	- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix
Dose level [µg/plate]	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio
Acetone	13.7 ± 4.0	-	11.0 ± 5.6	-	8.3 ± 2.1	-	12.7 ± 2.5	-	21.7 ± 1.5	-	32.0 ± 4.4	-
17	10.0 ± 3.6	0.7	12.3 ± 2.5	1.1	9.3 ± 2.5	1.1	14.0 ± 3.6	1.1	21.7 ± 11.0	1.0	28.0 ± 4.6	0.9
50	13.0 ± 3.0	1.0	16.7 ± 7.5	1.5	8.0 ± 3.0	1.0	13.0 ± 3.6	1.0	17.3 ± 1.2	0.8	29.0 ± 8.2	0.9
167	13.0 ± 2.0	1.0	10.3 ± 5.0	0.9	6.0 ± 0.0	0.7	14.0 ± 2.6	1.1	25.3 ± 3.8	1.2	32.0 ± 4.4	1.0
500	14.7 ± 2.3 P	1.1	5.3 ± 4.0 P	0.5	10.0 ± 3.5 P	1.2	14.0 ± 6.6 P	1.1	21.7 ± 5.7 P	1.0	28.7 ± 2.5 P	0.9
1667	11.0 ± 1.7 P	0.8	10.0 ± 3.5 P	0.9	9.7 ± 4.7 P	1.2	15.7 ± 3.1 P	1.2	20.3 ± 4.6 P	0.9	31.3 ± 9.1 P	1.0
5000	14.3 ± 4.0 P	1.0	13.7 ± 4.5 P	1.2	10.3 ± 0.6 P	1.2	13.0 ± 4.6 P	1.0	23.3 ± 4.0 P	1.1	26.3 ± 4.0 P	0.8
Positive Control	614.7 ± 68.4	45.0	306.7 ± 26.3	27.9	2165.7 ± 699.6	259.9	159.7 ± 37.3	12.6	752.7 ± 14.5	34.7	270.3 ± 24.8	8.4

P = Precipitate

Table #3 (continued): Second Mutation Assay (Pre-incubation Method)

	TA 100				WP2uvrA
	- S9 mix		+ S9 mix		- S9 mix		+ S9 mix
Dose level [µg/plate]	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio	Mean revertants per plate ± SD	Ratio
Acetone	100.7 ± 8.0	-	100.0 ± 13.5	-	8.0 ± 2.6	-	7.0 ± 1.7	-
17	92.7 ± 10.1	0.9	94.3 ± 6.4	0.8	8.3 ± 3.8	1.0	8.7 ± 4.2	1.2
50	86.7 ± 11.6	0.9	104.0 ± 4.0	1.0	7.7 ± 4.1	1.0	12.0 ± 2.6	1.7
167	84.0 ± 5.6	0.8	87.0 ± 3.5	1.0	4.0 ± 2.0	0.5	9.3 ± 2.1	1.3
500	93.0 ± 4.0 P	0.9	96.3 ± 19.1 P	0.9	6.7 ± 2.1 P	0.8	8.7 ± 3.2 P	1.2
1667	84.3 ± 12.9 P	0.8	85.7 ± 13.5 P	0.9	10.3 ± 5.0 P	1.3	11.3 ± 3.2 P	1.6
5000	99.7 ± 16.4 P	1.0	93.7 ± 6.4 P	0.9	7.7 ± 3.1 P	1.0	9.3 ± 3.2 P	1.3
Positive control	1191.7 ± 75.8	11.8	775.0 ± 29.8	7.8	184.0 ± 16.1	23.0	669.3 ± 40.3	95.6

P = Precipitate

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

No evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained with any strain in either test.

Executive summary:

Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, alkenes was tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA100 and in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA according to OECD guideline 471and the European Commision Annex V Test Method B13 and B14.

The test item was dissolved and diluted in Acetone. Two independent tests were conducted on agar plate in triplicate in the absence and presence of an Aroclor 1254 -induced rat liver S9 preparation and co-factors required for mixed function oxidase activity (S9 mix). The first test was conducted by the direct plate incorporation method, while the second test was conducted by the pre-incubation method. The test item was dosed at concentrations ranging from 17 to 5000 µg/plate in both assays. The highest concentration was the predetermined maximum, as recommended by relevant guidelines, but was in addition both toxic to the bacteria and above the limit of solubility of the test item in the test system.

Concurrent positive controls demonstrated the sensitivity of the assay and the metabolising activity of the S9 mix.

No evidence of mutagenic activity was obtained with any strain in either test. No toxicity to the bacteria was observed in either the absence or the presences of S9 mix. Precipitation of HF-1000 occurred at 500 µg per plate and above in both assays, in both absence and presence of S9 mix.

It was concluded that Hydrocarbons, C12-C16, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, alkenes was not mutagenic in strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli when tested in acetone in the absence and presence of metabolic activation. The test item was tested to the predetermined maximum of 5000 µg per plate, at which concentration toxicity was encountered. In addition, the test item was tested up to and beyond its limits of solubility in the test system. The study was performed in accordance with the principles of Good Laboratory Practice.