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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 248-363-6 | CAS number: 27247-96-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Neurotoxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
- Remarks:
- acute
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The cerebral hemispheres of intraperitoneally exposed rats were taken at autopsy and were analysed for RNA, Glutathione (CAS 70-18-8), Acetylcholine esterase (CAS 9000-81-1) and Succinate dehydrogenase (CAS 9002-02-2) activities.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- olive oil
- Remarks:
- 60 mg test item / mL olive oil
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1, 3 or 7 days
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg test item / kg body weight
Basis:
other: actually injected (i.p.)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 (in each of the three treatments and the control, altogether 20 animals)
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
Examinations
- Statistics:
- The results were evaluated using the Student's T-test.
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No mortality and no clinical effects were reported
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- No mortality and no clinical effects were reported
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not examined
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Cerebral Glutathione concentration below control level after 1 day but returned to control value after 3 and 7 days postinjection; Brain Acetylcholine esterase activity marginally decreased after 1 day only, while RNA and Succinate dehydrogenase unchanged
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Gross pathological findings:
- not examined
- Neuropathological findings:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- No gross-pathological effects in the investigated brain hemispheres reported
- Other effects:
- not examined
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Heppel LA, Hilmoe RJ (1950). Metabolism of inorganic nitrite and nitrate esters. II. The enzymatic reduction of nitroglycerin and erythritol tetranitrate by glutathione. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 183:129-38. URL http://www.jbc.org/content/183/1/129.full.pdf
- Zitting A, Savolainen H (1982). Effects of nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate mixture (blasting oil) on rat brain, liver and kidney. PMID 6812185 Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 37(1):113-21.
Table 1: Neurochemical effects of intraperitoneal Ethylhexyl nitrate
Time [d] |
RNA [γ/mg protein]] |
Glutathione [ng/mg protein] |
Acetylcholine esterase [nmol/(min mg protein)] |
Succinate dehydrogenase [nmol/(min mg protein)] |
1 |
22.3±1.9 |
551±24 (c) |
190±8 (b) |
3.2±0.14 |
3 |
21.1±1.7 |
593±46 |
187±13 (a) |
3.3±0.24 |
7 |
21.9±3.0 |
624±24 |
185±22 |
3.2±0.31 |
Control |
24.0±4.6 |
610±23 |
203±8 |
3.1±0.22 |
Each figure is the mean of 5 test animals ± SD
SD = Standard Deviation
(a: p<0.05
(b): p<0.01
(c): p<0.001
The nitroester dose caused a decrease in Glutathione concentration and an initial decrease in acetylcholine concentration. However, there was no significant effects on RNA and mitochondrial Succinate dehydrogenate levels. This decrease is compatible with the Glutathione dependent deesterification of Glyceryl trinitrate found in vitro (Heppel & Hilmoe 1950) and in vivo (Zitting & Slavolainen 1982).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
There was no major structural damage caused by the high exposure to ethylhexyl nitrate becasue the effects were only temporary and the enzyme activity is dependent on the lipid structure of the excitable membrance, which was not damaged. The authours could not explain the decrease in Acetylcholine esterate, but it is known from the literature that tetra N-alkylammonium ions interfere with the esterase activity.
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