Anode, copper

Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour

Administrative data

Endpoint:

additional information on environmental fate and behaviour

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2009

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: in accordance to OECD

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2010

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The report aims to describe the transformation/dissolution behaviour of copper intermediates through an experimental design that follows the recommendations of the OECD guidance document on transformation/dissolution (T/D) (OECD 2001) and the standard operating procedures (SOP) proposed by CANMET and LISEC for the Transformation / Dissolution protocol to the ad hoc OECD Validation Management Group (VMG) . The developed procedures, called SOP, provide a detailed methodology for T/D that includes instrumentation requirements, reagents quality, procedures for the seven-day and 28-days full test, chemical analyses and a quality assurance program (QA/QC standards).

The methods consists of a standardized shaking in "environmental relevant media" and sampling/measuring of the soluble metal ions at regular time intervals

The results of T/D tests can be compared with the eco-toxicity reference values to establish the aquatic hazard classification of the tested substance.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

other quality assurance

Type of study / information:

In accordance to CLP guidance chapter IV. The metal concentration released during the transformation/dissolution test are needed for a read-across of the ecotoxicity expressed as soluble metal ions (obtained from ecotoxicity tests with soluble metal compounds) to the ecotoxicity of the insoluble metal bearing materials (target substance).

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

copper

EC Number:

918-168-7

Molecular formula:

Not applicable, UVCB, inorganic

IUPAC Name:

copper

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1A .Summary of metals released from B1 massive samples after 7 days of transformation/dissolution test, 100 mg/L loading and pH 6. Metal releases were calculated as the difference between the mean sample release and the mean blanks release at 168 hours.BDL= Below Detection Limit; SD= Standard Deviation.

Metal	Type II- secondary Blister Producer 2 09TT02775 ( 1 - 2 mm)		Type I - primary Blister- Producer 1 09TT05249 (1 - 2 mm)		Type I - primary Blister             from market   09TT06515 (1 - 2 mm)
7 days – 100 mg/L	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Copper, mg/L	87	5.8	66.4	4.17	49.7	11.35
Nickel, mg/L	0.4	0.08	0.9	0.16	BDL	-
Arsenic, mg/L	2.1	0.34	0.4	0.02	BDL	-
Lead, mg/L	7.2	0.32	0.9	0.24	BDL	-
Zinc, mg/L	7	1.4	BDL	-	BDL	-
Aluminium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Cobalt,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Molybdenum, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Barium, mg/L	BDL	-	0.8	0.34	BDL	-
Strontium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Chromium,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Iron,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Manganese, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Selenium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Cadmium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Silver,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Tellurium,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Tin,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Antimony,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Silicon,mg/L	BDL	-	0	11	BDL	-

 

Table 1A - continued.

Metal	Type IV- secondary anode  Producer 5 09TT03187		Type III - primary anode  Producer 4 09TT03484		Type III- primary anode Producer 3 09TT01718
7 days – 100 mg/L	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Copper, mg/L	68.9	6.11	52.2	12.95	47.3	3.08
Nickel, mg/L	14.2	0.67	BDL	-	BDL	-
Arsenic, mg/L	0.2	0.01	0.2	0.02	BDL	-
Lead, mg/L	56.8	1.61	0.8	0.16	BDL	-
Zinc, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Aluminium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Cobalt,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Molybdenum, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Barium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Strontium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Chromium,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Iron,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Manganese, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Selenium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Cadmium, mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Silver,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Tellurium,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Tin,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Antimony,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-
Silicon,mg/L	BDL	-	BDL	-	BDL	-

 

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The data are of good quality and critical to the assessment of the environmental hazards of the intermediate

Executive summary:

Transformation/dissolution tests of B1 copper intermediates, anode copper, in 1 – 2 mm granules and massive form, were carried out to study its potential to release metals to the environment, in the context of the EU classification and labelling and REACH regulations.

Considering the composition of this complex material, a transformation / dissolution test was performed for 7 days at pH 6 and a loading of 100 mg/L, following the release of a broad range of metals from the samples. The results of the 7 days test for the 6 samples, identified by the European Copper Institute as B1, samples- Type I to Type IV, showed a copper release to the OECD media between 47 and 87 µg/L.

Only minor releases are recorded for some of the other metals: lead, nickel or arsenic (0 -10 µg/L). The sample 09TT03187 (Type IV, secondary anode) is an exception, with Lead and Nickel concentrations in the OECD media of 56.8 and 14.2 µg/L, respectively.

To assess the extrapolation of the results to all samples, across the industry the relative releases of respectively Cu, Pb, Ni were calculated as % metal released / % metal present (= potential release) at pH 6, during 7 days transformation/dissolution. The following values are recorded:

o       Cu: 0.05 to 0.09%

o       Ni: 0.06 to 0.3%

o       Pb: 0.8 to 1 % except for the one secondary blister 09TT03187with 6.3% release

o       As : 0.2 to 0.7%