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EC number: 203-698-7 | CAS number: 109-72-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010-05-04 to 2010-08-09
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lithium hydroxide
- EC Number:
- 215-183-4
- EC Name:
- Lithium hydroxide
- Cas Number:
- 1310-65-2
- IUPAC Name:
- lithium hydroxide
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- Analytical purity: 101.3 %
- Lot/batch No.: 1047
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
NA
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- In order to confirm correct dosage and stability of exposure concentrations, samples (about 50 mL) of the control and all test concentrations of the Definitive Test with five test concentrations were taken directly from the test vessels including tap water (controls) or test solutions. AES-analysis was performed after dilution of the samples in deionised water to meet the linear range of the calibration lines.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
For the Range-Finding Test the test solutions were prepared in a dilution series from a stock solution of 100 mg/L of the test item in tap water. For the Definitive Test as Limit Test and the Definitive Test with five test concentrations the test solutions were prepared by direct transfer of weighted samples in various amounts of the test Item into the tap water in the test vessels. The test solutions were prepared using a mixing device (Ultra-Turrax, Janke & Kunkel; 8000 rpm, 2 minutes for the Range-Finding Test; 9500 rpm, 3 minutes for the Definitive Tests). The test solutions showed slight turbidity, followed by a whitish precipitation at test concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L in the Range-Finding Test and at test concentrations of 50 to 200 mg/L in the Definitive Tests. This precipitation had no effect on the test item concentration. The Range-Finding Test and the Definitive Tests were performed as static tests, i.e. without renewal of the test solutions. The controls were kept in tap water. For concentration analysis samples were taken directly from the test vessels at 0 h and 96 h. The Range-Finding Test and Definitive Tests were performed without adjustment of the pH.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Zebrafish
- Strain: Teleostei, Cyprinidae
- Source: Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen
- Length at study initiation: 2.0 +/- 1.0 cm
- Method of breeding:
- Feeding during test: no feeding during the test
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 – 22.3 degree C (test water)
- pH:
- At the beginning of the definitive test: 10.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- At the beginning of the definitive test: 96 %
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test concentration: 100 mg test item/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 20 L solid-glass fish tanks
- Aeration: none
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: fluorescent tubes (14 h light, 10 h dark) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 109 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC10
- Effect conc.:
- 90 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 62 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for Lithium hydroxide
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC10
- Effect conc.:
- 51 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for Lithium hydroxide
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 28.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for Lithium hydroxide
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 14 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for Lithium hydroxide
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 166 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for buthyllithium
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC10
- Effect conc.:
- 137 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for buthyllithium
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 76 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for buthyllithium
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 38 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks on result:
- other: calculated for buthyllithium
- Details on results:
- Due to the mortality of three of seven fish in the Definitive Test as Limit Test it was decided to perform a Definitive Test with five test concentrations:
- Nominal test concentrations: Control, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100 and 200 mg test item/L
Observations in the Definitive Test with five test concentrations during 96 h:
- Control: Swarming behaviour and activity were normal during 96 h.
- 12.5 mg/L: Comparable to control during 96 h.
- 25.0 mg/L: Comparable to control during 96 h.
- 50.0 mg/L: Comparable to control during 0 – 72 h. Activity was slightly reduced compared to the control after 96 h and as tendency the fish were found in the lower parts of the test vessel.
- 100 mg/L: Activity was slightly reduced compared to the control during 0 – 72 h and as tendency the fish were found in the lower parts of the test vessel. Activity was reduced after 96 h, the fish were found in the lower parts and at the bottom of the test vessel and also showed balance disorder. Two fish died during 72 – 96 h.
- 200 mg/L: The fish showed strong balance disorder, agitated swimming movements and surfacing immediately after transfer into the test vessel, all seven fish died within 15 minutes. - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Determination of the LC50 (96 h), LC20 (96 h) and the LC10 (96 h) (LC = Lethal Concentration) with reference to mortality of the fish was performed using Probit-analysis (Finney-method, lognormal distribution, confidence limit 95 %, significance level: 0.05).
Any other information on results incl. tables
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Definitive Test as Limit Test
Number of dead fish and cumulative mortality [%] at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h:
Time [h
Control
100 mg/L *
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
24
0/7
0
0/7
0
48
0/7
0
0/7
0
72
0/7
0
0/7
0
96
0/7
0
3/7
42.8
* nominal concentration of Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
Definitive-Test with five test concentrations
Number of dead fish and cumulative mortality [%] at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h:
Definitive Test with five test concentrations
Number of dead fish and cumulative mortality [%] at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h:
Time [h]
Control
12.5 mg/L *
25.0 mg/L *
50.0 mg/L *
100 mg/L *
200 mg/L *
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
Number
[%]
24
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
7/7
100
48
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
7/7
100
72
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
7/7
100
96
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
0/7
0
2/7
28.6
7/7
100
* nominal concentration of Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this 96-h fish acute toxicity test with Zebrafish (Danio rerio) the 96h LC50 for Lithium hydroxide monohydrate based on mortality was determined to be 109 mg/L. The 96h LC10 was determined to be 96 mg/L and the NOEC 25 mg/L. All results are related the nominal concentrations.
Based on the data, the LC50 calculated for n-Butyl lithium is 166 mg/L (i.e. above 100 mg/L).
This calculation is applicable as n-Butyl lithium reacts violently with water to form butane and lithium hydroxide and butane is practically insoluble in water and readily volatilizes. - Executive summary:
The acute toxic effects of Lithium hydroxide monohydrate to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) over a 96 hour static exposure period were assessed according to OECD Guideline 203. For the Range-Finding Test the test solutions were prepared in a dilution series from a stock solution of 100 mg/L of the test item in tap water. For the Definitive Test as Limit Test and the Definitive Test with five test concentrations the test solutions were prepared by direct transfer of weighted samples in various amounts of the test Item into the tap water in the test vessels. AES-analysis confirmed that the test solutions were correctly dosed, i.e., the recoveries were within 92.6 to 96.2 % of the nominal concentrations at study start. At the end of the exposure, i.e., after 96 hours, the recoveries ranged from 98.8 to 101 % of the nominal concentrations demonstrating that the lithium concentrations were stable throughout the exposure period. Consequently, the results of the Definitive Test were based on nominal concentrations. In this 96-h fish acute toxicity test with Zebrafish (Danio rerio) the 96h LC50 for Lithium hydroxide monohydrate based on mortality was determined to be 109 mg/L. The 96h LC10 was 96 mg/L. The NOEC was determined to be 25 mg/L. The results are based on the nominal concentrations.
Based on the data, the LC50 calculated for n-Butyl lithium is 166 mg/L (i.e. above 100 mg/L). Thus, this result does not require any classification and labelling.
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