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EC number: 215-134-7 | CAS number: 1304-76-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test procedure in accordance with national standards DIN 55992-1:2006 ("Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders - Part 1: Rotation method"), modified Heubach method.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 55992-1:2006 (Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders – Part 1: Rotation method)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Heubach dust meter is modified in a way that a seven stage cascade impactor is connected to the system. This involves an additional air fed of 20 L/min via the coarse dust separator needed to supply the cascade impactor with 40 L/min air current as specified in the manufacturer’s specifications.
The calculation report: Grewe, (2010)
The Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model (MPPD, v2.0; CIIT, 2006) was used to predict this fractional deposition behaviour for workers.
The model algorithms calculate the deposition (and clearance) of mono-disperse and polydisperse aerosols in the respiratory tract for particles ranging from ultra-fine (0.01 microns) to coarse (20 microns) sizes. Within each airway, deposition is calculated using theoretically derived efficiencies for deposition by diffusion, sedimentation and impaction within the airway or airway bifurcation. Filtration of aerosols by the head is determined using empirical efficiency functions. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- cascade impaction
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Conclusions:
- Dibismuth trioxide
Total Dustiness (airborne fraction): 202.98 mg/g (experimental results, DMT Report).
Mass median aerodynamic diameter of airborne fraction: MMAD = 27.66 µm (distribution fitted to cascade impactor data).
Geometric standard deviation of MMAD: GSD = 1.91
Fractional deposition in human respiratory tract (MPPD model, based on calculated MMAD):
Head (ET): 48.5%
Tracheobronchial (TB): 0.1%
Pulmonary (PU): 0.1% - Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Test procedure in accordance with national standards DIN 55992-1:2006 ("Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders - Part 1: Rotation method"), modified Heubach method. No purity test date
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DIN 55992-1:2006 (Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders – Part 1: Rotation method)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The Heubach dust meter is modified in a way that a seven stage cascade impactor is connected to the system. This involves an additional air fed of 20 L/min via the coarse dust separator needed to supply the cascade impactor with 40 L/min air current as specified in the manufacturer’s specifications.
The calculation report: Grewe, (2010)
The Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model (MPPD, v2.0; CIIT, 2006) was used to predict this fractional deposition behaviour for workers.
The model algorithms calculate the deposition (and clearance) of mono-disperse and polydisperse aerosols in the respiratory tract for particles ranging from ultra-fine (0.01 microns) to coarse (20 microns) sizes. Within each airway, deposition is calculated using theoretically derived efficiencies for deposition by diffusion, sedimentation and impaction within the airway or airway bifurcation. Filtration of aerosols by the head is determined using empirical efficiency functions. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- cascade impaction
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Conclusions:
- Dibismuth trioxide nanosize
Total Dustiness (airborne fraction): 132.2 mg/g (experimental results, DMT Report).
Mass median aerodynamic diamater of airborne fraction: MMAD = 39.52 µm (distribution fitted to cascade impactor data).
Geometric standard deviation of MMAD: GSD = 1.75
Fractional deposition in human respiratory tract (MPPD model, based on calculated MMAD):
Head (ET): 32.7%
Tracheobronchial (TB): 0.0%
Pulmonary (PU): 0.0% - Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-06-16
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data are sufficient and scientifically acceptable.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The sedimentation method is used for particle size analysis in the SediGraph 5100. The sedimentation method derives its results from the rates that different size particles fall in a liquid due to the force of gravity. Rate, as used here, is the distance that a particle falls in a certain period of time.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- sedimentation (gravitational settling)
- Type of distribution:
- other: calculated distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 0.705 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 0.475 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 1.019 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Conclusions:
- The median particle size D50 of the test item was determined to be 0.705µm.
The particle size D10 of the test items was determined to be 0.475µm.
The particle size D90 of the test items was determined to be 1.019µm. - Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-06-05
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data are sufficient and scientifically acceptable.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The sedimentation method is used for particle size analysis in the SediGraph 5100. The sedimentation method derives its results from the rates that different size particles fall in a liquid due to the force of gravity. Rate, as used here, is the distance that a particle falls in a certain period of time.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- sedimentation (gravitational settling)
- Type of distribution:
- other: calculated distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 6.021 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 2.375 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 14.12 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Conclusions:
- The median particle size D50 of the test item was determined to be 6.021 µm.
The particle size D10 of the test items was determined to be 2.375 µm.
The particle size D90 of the test items was determined to be 14.12 µm. - Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-04-15
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data are sufficient and scientifically acceptable.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The sedimentation method is used for particle size analysis in the SediGraph 5100. The sedimentation method derives its results from the rates that different size particles fall in a liquid due to the force of gravity. Rate, as used here, is the distance that a particle falls in a certain period of time.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- sedimentation (gravitational settling)
- Type of distribution:
- other: calculated distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 3.58 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 1.828 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 6.566 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Conclusions:
- The median particle size D50 of the test item was determined to be 3.580 µm.
The particle size D10 of the test items was determined to be 1.828 µm.
The particle size D90 of the test items was determined to be 6.566 µm. - Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-08-13
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Data are sufficient and scientifically acceptable.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The sedimentation method is used for particle size analysis in the SediGraph 5100. The sedimentation method derives its results from the rates that different size particles fall in a liquid due to the force of gravity. Rate, as used here, is the distance that a particle falls in a certain period of time.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of method:
- sedimentation (gravitational settling)
- Type of distribution:
- other: calculated distribution
- Percentile:
- D50
- Remarks on result:
- other: Migrated from fields under 'Mass median diameter' as D50 percentile. No source field for Standard deviation.
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 1.801 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 0.953 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 2.674 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: report by mass percent
- Conclusions:
- The median particle size D50 of the test item was determined to be 1.801 µm.
The particle size D10 of the test items was determined to be 0.953 µm.
The particle size D90 of the test items was determined to be 2.674 µm.
Referenceopen allclose all
Dustiness (airborne fraction): total: 202.98 mg/g.
In the original study report by DMT, a calculation of the mass median diameter was not conducted. Since the deposited fractions were provided for each of the cascade impactor stages, it was possible to fit a mono modal lognormal distribution to the data by standard non-linear regression procedure. As a result, the MMAD and GSD are calculable and reported (MMAD = 28.25 µm, GSD = 1.91). As the cascade impactor already takes aerodynamic characteristics of the particles into account, the reported mass median diameter can be interpreted as the mass medianaerodynamicdiameter.
This figure and the corresponding GSD were used as distribution parameters for the MPPD model enabling an estimation of deposited dust fractions in the human respiratory tract: These fractions were estimated as follows:
Head (ET): 48.5%
Tracheobronchial (TB): 0.1%
Pulmonary (PU): 0.1%
Dustiness (airborne fraction): total: 132.20 mg/g.
In the original study report by DMT, a calculation of the mass median diameter was not conducted. Since the deposited fractions were provided for each of the cascade impactor stages, it was possible to fit a mono modal lognormal distribution to the data by standard non-linear regression procedure. As a result, the MMAD and GSD are calculable and reported (MMAD = 39.52 µm, GSD = 1.75). As the cascade impactor already takes aerodynamic characteristics of the particles into account, the reported mass median diameter can be interpreted as the mass medianaerodynamicdiameter.
This figure and the corresponding GSD were used as distribution parameters for the MPPD model enabling an estimation of deposited dust fractions in the human respiratory tract: These fractions were estimated as follows:
Head (ET): 32.7%
Tracheobronchial (TB): 0.0%
Pulmonary (PU): 0.0%
Since the result from only one measurement are given, no standard deviation can be determined.
Since the result from only one measurement are given, no standard deviation can be determined.
Since the result from only one measurement are given, no standard deviation can be determined.
Since the result from only one measurement are given, no standard deviation can be determined.
Description of key information
Particle size characteristics of representative samples (size specification vary due to the technical process):
Bi2O3 technical grade (most relevant grade with highest market share): D50 ca. 6.0 µm
Bi2O3 varistor grade: D50 ca. 3.6 µm
Bi2O3 varistor grade fine: D50 ca. 1.8 µm
Bi2O3 submicron/nanosize: D50 ca. 0.71 µm
Dustiness and MMADs (GSD) of airborne material :
Dibismuth trioxide (technical grade):
Dustiness: 203 mg/g, MMAD (GSD): 28.25 µm (1.91 µm)
Dibismuth trioxide, submicron/ nanosize:
Dustiness: 132 mg/g, MMAD (GSD): 39.52 µm (1.75 µm)
For details, see discussion and technical dossier.
Additional information
Dibismuth trioxide is available in different grades. The grade with the highest market relevance is Bi2O3 technical grade (D50 ca. 3 -10 µm). Other grades, which are produced in smaler quantities are e.g. "varistor grade" (D50 ca. 3 -6 µm), "varistor grade fine" (D50 ca. 1 -3 µm), or "submicron/nanosize" (D50 ca. 0.3 -1 µm). Individual particle size analyses (sedigraph method) of some representative samples are provided as endpoint records in the technical dossier. Due to the technical production processes, the particles size characteristics are subject to a certain variability.
In addition to the physical particle size, the dustiness, i.e. the tendency of the materials to become airborne, has been determined with two representative samples using the modified Heubach method (in accordance with DIN 55992 -1:2006, Determination of a parameter for the dust formation of pigments and extenders – Part 1: Rotation method). In this modified method - in addition to the dustiness - the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the airborne particles has been determined using cascade impactor data. Further, the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model (MPPD, v2.0; CIIT, 2006) was used to predict fractional deposition behaviour of these particles in the human respiratory tract.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.