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EC number: 201-196-2 | CAS number: 79-33-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-09-06 to 1992-03-30
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test method was modified to involve a better buffered medium (150 mg/L NaHCO3) and the use of a parametric model to calculate the effect concentrations.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- 80% Lactic acid solution in water. Batch no. ZO 3456
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Samples were taken at t = 0 and 72 h from 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.8 g/L nominal concentrations
- Sampling method: 250 mL bottles
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Each sample was analysed twice (on October 02 and November 02, 1991); the samples were stored in a refrigerator prior to analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- The freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum (ATCC 22662), which belongs to the order of Chlorococcales (class Chlorophyceae), was used as the test organism. The culture was supplied by the 'American Type Culture Collection', c/o Sales Department, 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
A pre-culture of algae in the exponential growth phase was prepared as detailed in OECD guideline no. 201, using an appropriate medium. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- No data
- Test temperature:
- No data
- pH:
- Ca. 8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- No data
- Salinity:
- Not applicable, freshwater species
- Conductivity:
- No data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal (test material): 0, 0.1, 0.33, 0.56, 1.0, 1.9 and 2.8 g/L
Nominal (lactic acid): 0, 0.08, 0.26, 0.45, 0.8, 1.72, 2.24 g/L
Actual (lactic acid): <0.005, 0.020–0.065, 0.44–0.62, 1.45–1.74 g/L (for 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.8 mg/L nominal concentrations) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Initial cells density: 0.9e+04 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 156.0e+04 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Electronic particle counter
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.8
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 101 and 1008 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- not required
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 533 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.9 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3.5 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI = 2.8-4.4
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 2.8 g/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- By visual comparison of the measured and the calculated growth curves of algal suspensions exposed to the test substance with those of the algal controls the no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) of the 80 % aqueous solution of L(+)-lactic acid was estimated to be 1.9 g/L.
Microscopic examination of the cells at the start and end of the incubation period revealed no abnormalities, however many bacteria were found in the cultures exposed to test substance concentrations of 1.0, 1.9 and 2.8 g/L.
The pH of the algal medium containing different test substance concentrations was adjusted to the range pH 7.5-8.0 at the start of the test. It was found to remain constant (pH 8.0-8.1) during the test. In the presence of algae the pH was found to slightly increase with algal cell density (pH 8.2-8.7). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The NOEC of lactic acid (pH adjusted to approximately 8) to green algae is higher than 533 mg/L actual concentration of lactate (TWA).
- Executive summary:
In a 72 hour acute toxicity study, cultures of Selenastrum capricornutum (ATCC 22662) were exposed to L(+) lactic acid (80 %) at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.10, 0.33, 0.56, 1.0, 1.9 and 2.8 g/L under static conditions in accordance with the OECD 201 guideline. The NOEC and EC50 values based on growth rate were 1.9 g/L and 3.5 g/L, respectively. There were no compound related phytotoxic effects. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for alga growth inhibition study with S. capricornutum.
Results synopsis
Test organism: Selenastrum capricornutum
Test type: Static
72-hr EbC50: > 2.8 g/L (95% C.I.: 2.24–3.52 g/L), in terms of lactic acid
72-hr NOEC: > 533 mg/L, in terms of lactic acid
Endpoint(s) effected: Growth, abnormalities of the cells
An effect on the inoculum viability, as found in this test, may be expected when a substance loses its toxicity during the test, in this case probably due to biodegradation. The concentrations quoted in this report are the nominal concentrations of the test substance (a solution of about 80 % L(+) lactic acid) as supplied by sponsor. At the start of the test 65–82 % of the nominal test substance concentrations were found by chemical analysis. At the end of the test the concentrations were considerably lower: 15, 57 and 73 % at the three concentrations analysed. The actual concentrations of lactic acid tested at the start of the test were < 0.005, 0.020–0.065, 0.44–0.62, 1.45–1.74 g/L. According to the calculated time-weighted mean (see formula below from the OECD guideline 211: TWM = (conc0 – conc1)/(LN(conc0) – (LN(conc1))) the concentrations which should be used for effect calculations are 31 mg/L, 533 mg/L, and 1620 mg/L. The EC50 and the NOEC from the test report have to be regarded as invalid, as they were calculated on the basis of nominal values. Concerning the NOEC of 1.9 g/L, the replicates with the test concentration of 1.9 g/L were not verified analytically. Therefore, no conclusion on the actual concentration can be drawn. However, the next lower concentration was assessed analytically, revealing that the NOEC is above 533 mg/L (time-weighted mean of the measured lactic acid concentration).
Reference
Description of key information
NOEC 72 h > 533 mg/L (measured TWA)
Experiments were performed in buffered solutions; i.e., the adjusted pH of the algal medium containing different test substance concentrations (pH 7.5–8.0 at the start of the test) remained largely constant (pH 8.0–8.1, pH 8.2–8.7 in the presence of algae) during the tests. Effects can be therefore assigned to the test substance and are not confounded with pH effects due to the acidity of lactic acid.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 533 mg/L
Additional information
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