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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 202-853-6 | CAS number: 100-44-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Neurotoxicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- neurotoxicity
- Remarks:
- acute
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- The methodology used by the authors is not fully described and most elements of the study design and of te experimental conditions are unknwon. Hence, this study should be considered as not assignable due to insufficient documentation, a Klimisch 4.e study.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The effect of industrial solvents on adrenergic transmitter mechanisms
- Author:
- Holmberg B. and Malmfors T.
- Year:
- 1 974
- Bibliographic source:
- Wenner-Gren Cent. Ist. Symp. Ser., 22, 191-200.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of benzyl chloride on the adrenergic transmission was studied by using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The authors studied in both cases the mechanical response of mouse vas deferens innervated or denervated.
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- α-chlorotoluene
- EC Number:
- 202-853-6
- EC Name:
- α-chlorotoluene
- Cas Number:
- 100-44-7
- Molecular formula:
- C7H7Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- (chloromethyl)benzene
- Reference substance name:
- Chloromethylbenzene
- IUPAC Name:
- Chloromethylbenzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): benzyl chloride
No further data
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- NMRI
- Sex:
- not specified
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intravenous
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- one single exposure by i.v. injection
- Frequency of treatment:
- once
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
3, 10, 100 ppm
Basis:
no data
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- No data
- Control animals:
- yes
Results and discussion
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In the test conditions, the authors report that benzyl chloride may affect the adrenergic transmission probably on both the nerve and the effector side. However, the practical significance of these results remain to be confirmed in further in vivo experiments. Thus further testing would be requested to conclude about the neurotoxic potential of benzyl chloride.
- Executive summary:
The neurotoxic effects of benzyl chloride (CAS n° 100 -44 -7 ) on the adrenergic transmission was studied by using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The authors studied in both cases the mechanical response of NMRI mice vas deferens innervated or denervated. A screening step wes conducted in vitro to establish benzyl chloride effects on the adrenergic transmission. This experiment' results has triggered further testing in vivo. Only in vivo results will be discussed here. Furthermore, in order to elucidate te sensitivity to benzyl chloride of the effector cells involved in the adrenergic transmission, the adrenergic nerves of mice were removed by 6-OH-DA injected the day before to the animals and the mechanical response of vas deferens was elicited by exogenous NA in complement or not to various concentrations of benzyl chloride, namely 3, 10 or 100 ppm.
Hence, in the test conditions, benzyl chloride had a marked potentiating effect after nerve stimulation. However, the responses observed were not consistent with the in vitro experiment. Indeed, there was a slight potetianting effect in the innervated mouse vas deferens, while 100 ppm of benzyl chloride rather had a slight opposite effect in the denervated mouse vas deferens. This indicated the inhibiting effect on the NA uptake of benzyl chloride might have some importance in the innervated mouse vas deferens, while the absence of post-synaptic supersensitivity in the denervated mouse vas deferens makes the potentiating effect after electric stimulation more difficult to explain. However, the authors explained that in unpublished results, 100 ppm of benzyl chloride in vitro had a degenerative effect on the smooth muscle cells and thus leading to an irrversible damage of the smooth muscle cells at that concentration. They assume then that the potentiating effect of benzyl chloride at electric stimulationmust therefore be explained by an excessive release of the transmitter by the nerve impulses.
Finally, in the test conditions, the authors report that benzyl chloride may affect the adrenergic transmission probably on both the nerve and the effector side. However, the practical significance of these results remain to be confirmed in further in vivo experiments. Thus further testing would be requested to conclude about the neurotoxic potential of benzyl chloride.
The methodology used by the authors is not fully described and most elements of the study design and of te experimental conditions are unknwon. Hence, this study should be considered as not assignable due to insufficient documentation, a Klimisch 4.e study.
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