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EC number: 234-126-4 | CAS number: 10544-72-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Substance evaluation by reknown scientific organization, contains a comprehensive overview and analysis of available information; acceptable for risk assessment purposes.
- Justification for type of information:
- It is understood that there is an equilibrium existing between NO2 and N2O4. Hence, it would seem inevitable that any toxicity studies conducted with these oxides will share common toxicities. It also seems plausible that the prevalent oxide of nitrogen would be Nitrogen Dioxide.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
Data source
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dinitrogen tetraoxide
- EC Number:
- 234-126-4
- EC Name:
- Dinitrogen tetraoxide
- Cas Number:
- 10544-72-6
- Molecular formula:
- N2O4
- IUPAC Name:
- Dinitrogen tetraoxide
- Test material form:
- gas
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- other: Not specified
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable because of methodological limitations
Results (fetuses)
Effect levels (fetuses)
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable because of methodological limitations
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
The following conclusion was reached by the MAK:
None of the studies fulfil present-day requirements and most have grave limitations (in particular the lack of methodological data and the inadequate representation of data). These studies are therefore of only very limited use.
One author carried out studies with mice of the effects on prenatal development (Singh 1984) and postnatal development of the offspring (Singh 1988) after exposure of the dams to NO2. Exposure to NO2 on days 7 to 18 and 8 to 18 of gestation was very
high (22 and 45 ml/m3 air). The concentration of 22 ml/m3 caused haematomas, reduced body weights and increased mortality in the foetuses, while 45 ml/m3 led to delays in postnatal development of the pups (Singh 1984, 1988). Lower concentrations were not
investigated.
In rats exposed over the whole gestation period to NO2 concentrations of 0.045 or 0.43 ml/m3, increased “intrauterine mortality” was reported even at the low concentration. At the higher concentration reduced maternal and foetal body and liver weights,
and stillbirths were observed (Gofmekler et al. 1977). Comparable effects were described by the working group of Tabacova et al. (see below) only after 10-fold higher concentrations of 0.53 and 5.3 ml/m3.
The toxic effects of NO2 on prenatal development in rats were investigated by another working group; the results, however, are only available as an abstract. This study reported that daily exposure to NO2 concentrations of 1 or 10 mg/m3 (0.53 or 5.3 ml/m3)
for 6 hours during the gestation period resulted in lipid peroxidation in the placenta, a small, dark placenta and postimplantation losses, reduced foetal weights, delayed ossification and hydrocephalus (Tabacova and Balabaeva 1986, 1988).
There is only one published study of the toxic effects of NO2 on postnatal development (Tabacova et al. 1985). Wistar rats were exposed to concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 1.0 or 10 mg/m3 (0.027, 0.053, 0.53, 5.3 ml/m3) for 6 hours a day during the whole gestation period. After NO2 concentrations of 0.053 ml/m3 air and more, changes were observed in posture and gait in 9-day-old and 14-day-old pups, which were no longer visible after the animals were weaned. Evidence of biochemical changes (e.g. lipid peroxidation) was not observed in this exposure group. After NO2 concentrations of 0.53 ml/m3, lipid peroxidation in the liver and delays in postnatal development were observed in the pups. At the high concentration of 5.3 ml/m3 the viability and body weight gains of the pups, determined on day 21 after birth, were reduced; after 2 and 3 months these differences were no longer found (Tabacova et al. 1985).
In a follow-up study, no morphological or biochemical changes were observed apart from early transient behavioural changes in newborn rats whose mothers were exposed to NO2 concentrations of 0.1 mg/m3 (0.053 ml/m3) for 6 hours a day during the whole
gestation period. Increased MetHb, lipid peroxidation, the inhibition of liver enzymes and further biochemical changes were reported after the offspring were exposed at the age of 2 years to NO2 concentrations of 0.05 ml/m3 air for 6 hours a day for 30 days. The
authors of this study, available only as an abstract, attributed this to the increased sensitivity of the ageing organism (Tabacova et al. 1987). The studies do not exclude the possibility that toxic effects on development can occur after maternal exposure to NO2
concentrations in the range of 0.5 ml/m3. These studies, as a result of their limitations, do not allow a decisive evaluation to be made; prenatal and postnatal studies carried out according to present-day standards are urgently needed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The evaluation of MAK (2005) concluded that currently available studies on developmental toxicity of nitrogen dioxide are not sufficient for a decisive evaluation as a result of their limitations. The substance is not classified in a Pregnancy risk group by the MAK. This result can be read across to dinitrogen tetraoxide.
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