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EC number: 242-538-0 | CAS number: 18727-04-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Cobalt citrate
skin irritation: not irritating (according to OECD 404)
eye irritation: corrosive (according to OECD 405)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 30 Mar - 09 Apr 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Ministère de L'Economie de L'Industrie et de L'emploi
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino New Zealand
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Elevage de Gérome (Quartier Labaste - F40260 Linxe)
- Age at study initiation: 11 or 12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: between 2.43 kg and 2.68 kg
- Housing: individual box with suitable environmental enrichment
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): SDS - C15 ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap-water (from public distribution system - microbiological and chemical analyses of the water were carried out once every six months) ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17 - 23
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): approx. 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light):12 hours light (07.00 to 19.00) and 12 hours darkness
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: on the opposite flank an untreated area served as the control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours (as no tissue destruction was noted after a treatment during 3 minutes and 1 hour)
- Observation period:
- 3 days: skin reactions were evaluated 1 hour and then 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the patch
- Number of animals:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back and flank
- % coverage: 6 cm2
- Type of wrap if used: strip of surgical adhesive tape under semi-occlusive dressing
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): rinsed with distilled water after the removal of the patch
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours
SCORING SYSTEM: Grading scales 0 - 4 (erythema and eschar formation ; oedema) - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24, 48, 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Reference
No cutaneous reactions (erythema and oedema) were observed on the treated area, whatever the examination time was (i.e. 1 hour, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the patch removal). The primary skin irritation index for cobalt citrate is 0.0.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 Apr - 27 Apr 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP-Guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.5 (Acute Toxicity: Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Ministère de L'Économie de L'Industrie et de L'Emploi
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino New Zealand
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Elevage de Gérome (Quartier Labaste -F40260 Linxe)
- Age at study initiation: 12 or 13 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: between 2.30 kg and 3.25 kg
- Housing: individual box
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): SDS - C15 ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap-water from public distribution system
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17 - 23
- Humidity (%): 30 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): approx. 15 changes per hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours continuous light (07.00 to 19.00) and 12 hours darkness - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The second eye of an animal remained untreated serving as control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- the eye of one rabbit was unwashed, the eyes of two animals were rinsed (after one hour, as test item has not been removed)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- Ocular examinations were performed 1 hour, 24, 48 and 72 hours following treatment up to 21 days in order to determine the reversibility
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): unwashed (one rabbit)
- Washing (if done): rinsed (two animals)
- Time after start of exposure: one hour
SCORING SYSTEM: Chemosis 0 - 4; Discharge 0 - 3, Redness 0 - 3, Iris 0-2, Cornea: degree of opacity 0 - 4 and Cornea: extent of opacity 0 - 4.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 10 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Redness
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 21 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: relevant for classification
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Redness
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 9 days
- Irritation parameter:
- other: Redness
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 8 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- opacity
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- opacity
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- opacity
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- other: mean of 24, 48 and 72 hours
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Interpretation of results:
- corrosive
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- CLP: Eye damage 1, H318
DSD: Xi, R41
Reference
Table1: Individual and mean scores of conjunctivae, iris and cornea
Animal No. |
Time after treatment |
Conjunctivae Chemosis Redness |
Iris Lesion |
Cornea Opacity |
|
A0115 |
24 hours |
1 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
48 hours |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
72 hours |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
3 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
|
Mean |
1.0 |
2.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
|
A0110 |
24 hours |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
48 hours |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
72 hours |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
4 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
|
Mean |
1.3 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
|
A0117 |
24 hours |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
48 hours |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
72 hours |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total |
6 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mean |
2.0 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
The ocular reactions observed during the study have been slight to important and partially reversible: - at the conjunctivae level: a moderate redness associated with a moderate to important chemosis, noted 1 hour after the test item instillation. The redness was totally reversible in two animals between day 8 and day 9 and remained in the last one on day 21 (last day of the test, slight intensity). The chemosis was totally reversible between day 7 and day 10, - at the corneal level: a slight corneal opacity, noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in one animal and totally reversible on day 2, - at the iris level: a congestion, noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in one animal and totally reversible on day 2. In one animal, the presence of a white spot on the nictitating membrane was noted on day 2 and was associated with the presence of a white spot on the lower eyelid on day 6. These reactions remained on day 21 (last day of the test). In another animal, the presence of a white spot on the nictitating membrane was noted between day 2 and day 8 and on day 2 on the lower eyelid. This reaction was totally reversible on day 9.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation
The skin irritation/corrosion study was performed in accordance with OECD 404 (Colas, 2010). The undiluted test substance was applied to the intact skin of rabbits and covered with a gauze patch. Under semi-occlusive conditions, the gauze patch was held in place with an adhesive tape for exposure periods of 3 min, 1 h or 4 h. After the respective exposure, the gauze patch was removed and the treated skin site was cleaned with distilled water. Evaluation of the treated skin sites was done 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after patch removal.
There were no signs of skin irritation at the treated skin sites. All scores at any observation time points were 0. Under the test conditions, the cobalt citrate was not irritating to the skin.
Eye irritation
The eye irritation potential of cobalt citrate was investigated according to OECD 405 under GLP conditions (Colas, 2010). After one hour, the eyes of two animals were rinsed, the treated eye of the third animal remained unwashed. The ocular reactions observed during the study have been slight to important and partially reversible. A moderate redness associated with a moderate to important chemosis was noted 1 hour after the test item instillation. The redness was totally reversible in two animals but persisted in the third animal on day 21 (last day of the test, slight intensity). The chemosis was totally reversible after 10 days. A slight and reversible corneal opacity was observed in one animal 24 hours after instillation. A congestion at the iris was noted 24 hours after the test item instillation in one animal which was totally reversible after 2 days. In one animal, the presence of a white spot on the nictitating membrane was noted on day 2 and was associated with a white spot on the lower eyelid on day 6. These reactions remained on day 21. In another animal, the presence of a white spot on the nictitating membrane was noted between day 2 and day 8 and on day 2 on the lower eyelid; this reaction was reversible. Under the conditions of the test, cobalt citrate had irreversible effects on the eye.Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
There is only one study available.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
There is only one study available.
Effects on eye irritation: corrosive
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available data on eye irritation meet the criteria for classification as Category 1, H318 according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 and as Xi, R41 according to Directive 67/548/EEC.
The available data on skin irritation do not meet the criteria for classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 or Directive 67/548/EEC, and are therefore conclusive but not sufficient for classification.
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