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EC number: 212-783-8 | CAS number: 868-85-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
-In a primary skin irritation study (no guideline followed, application
on rabbit ear) dimethyl phosphonate caused only very slight erythema at
24-hour observation time after 4-hour exposure and only very slight
erythema at 24, 48, and 72 hours after 8-hour exposure. No further skin
reactions were observed. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize
scheme. Dimethyl phosphonate was assessed to be not irritating to the
skin.
-A primary skin irritation study in rabbits was conducted with the
analogue substance diethyl phosphonate (4 hour-exposure, according to
OECD 404, Draize scheme): dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant.
-In an eye irritation study (equivalent to OECD 405): dimethyl
phoshonate is not irritating to eye.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles. Adopted according to OECD SIDS (public available peer reviewed source). The original source is available and has been reviewed.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dimethyl phosphonate was applied undiluted to the ears of rabbits for 1-4 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not mandatory at the time of the study.
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 3-4 kg
- Housing: the animals were individually caged.
- Type of coverage:
- other: plastic tape
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 500 µL
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 1-4 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: ear
- Type of wrap if used: plaster tape
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the test substance was washed away with water and soap/vegetable oil
- Time after start of exposure: after the exposure
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (4-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (2-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (1-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 5 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (4-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (2-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (1-hour score)
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No further data.
- Other effects:
- No further data.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not irritating.
- Executive summary:
In a primary dermal irritation study, the skin irritation/corrosion potential of dimethyl phosphonate was tested. 500 µL of dimethyl phosphonate was applied undiluted to the ears of 2 New Zealand White rabbits for a period of time of 1 to 4 hours. The rabbits were observed for 7 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 24, 48, 72 hours after removal of the test substance. The exposure period of 4 hours caused only very slight erythema at 24 hours observation time. No further skin reactions were observed. On the basis of the results of the present study can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented study report which meets basic scientific principles. Adopted according to OECD SIDS (public available peer reviewed source). The original source is available and has been reviewed.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Dimethyl phosphonate was applied undiluted to the ears of rabbits for 8 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not mandatory at the time of the study
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Weight at study initiation: 3-4 kg
- Housing: the animals were individually caged. - Type of coverage:
- other: plastic tape
- Preparation of test site:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 500 µL of undiluted test substance/animal. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 8 hour(s)
- Observation period:
- 7 days
- Number of animals:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: ear.
- Type of wrap if used: plaster tape.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): the test substance was washed away with water and soap/vegetable oil.
- Time after start of exposure: after the exposure.
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize. - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- (8-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- (8-hour exposure)
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not irritating.
- Executive summary:
In a primary dermal irritation study, the skin irritation/corrosion potential of dimethyl phosphonate was tested. 500 µL of dimethyl phosphonate was applied undiluted to the ears of 2 New Zealand White rabbits for a period of time of 8 hours. The rabbits were observed for 7 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 24, 48, and 72 hours after removal of the test substance. The exposure period of 8 hours caused only very slight erythema at 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure. No further skin reactions were observed. On the basis of the results of the present study can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1983
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Guideline study with acceptable restriction (No analytical purity reported). A primary skin irritation study in rabbits was conducted with the analogue substance diethyl phosphonate. The two compounds have similar chemical structure and have similar properties. Therefore, findings for diethyl phosphonate will be read across to the analogue substance, dimethyl phosphonate.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No analytical purity reported.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: HC:NZW
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Weight at study initiation: 3.5 kg (average).
- Housing: The animals were maintained conventionally under standardized conditions in individual cages.
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum.
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-25
- Humidity (%): 40-60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12 - Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: the untreated skin area of each animal served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5 mL. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 7-14 days
- Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
The day before the application of the test substance the flank skin of each animal was shaved (on both sides) on an area of about 6x6 cm with an electric hair clipper. Only animals with intact skin were used in the experiment.
For the treatment of each animal 0.5 mL of undiluted test substance was applied to a gauze patch (about 2.5x2.5 cm).
The gauze patch was placed on the flanks of each animal and secured with elastic, permeable to air, adhesive bandage.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): with water.
- Time after start of exposure: 4 hours.
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- 5 of 6 animals showed erythema at the application sites. No edema was observed. No corrosive effect was noted. One animal showed no skin reaction. At the 9th day of the experiment all skin reactions were completely gone.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Executive summary:
A primary skin irritation study in rabbits was conducted with the analogue substance diethyl phosphonate. The two compounds have similar chemical structure and have similar properties. Therefore, findings for diethyl phosphonate will be read across to the analogue substance, dimethyl phosphonate. The skin irritation/corrosion potential of diethyl phosphonate was tested according to OECD guideline 404. The shaved dorso-lateral skin of the trunk of six male rabbits was exposed to 0.5 mL test material for 4 hours under semiocclusive conditions. The rabbits were observed for 14 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the test substance.
The exposure period of 4 hours caused the following symptoms: 5 of 6 animals showed erythema at the application sites. A corrosive effect was not noted; one animal showed no skin reaction. At the 9th day of the experiment all skin reactions were completely gone.
On the basis of the results of the present study can be concluded that diethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant.
On the basis of the read across approach presented here it is assumed that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. Thus, the data for this endpoint can be read across from the analogous substance diethyl phosphonate, and dimethyl phosphonate is not to be classified as skin irritant.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
[see attached justification]
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- 5 of 6 animals showed erythema at the application sites. No edema was observed. No corrosive effect was noted. One animal showed no skin reaction. At the 9th day of the experiment all skin reactions were completely gone.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Executive summary:
A primary skin irritation study in rabbits was conducted with the analogue substance diethyl phosphonate. The two compounds have similar chemical structure and have similar properties. Therefore, findings for diethyl phosphonate will be read across to the analogue substance, dimethyl phosphonate. The skin irritation/corrosion potential of diethyl phosphonate was tested according to OECD guideline 404. The shaved dorso-lateral skin of the trunk of six male rabbits was exposed to 0.5 mL test material for 4 hours under semiocclusive conditions. The rabbits were observed for 14 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the test substance.
The exposure period of 4 hours caused the following symptoms: 5 of 6 animals showed erythema at the application sites. A corrosive effect was not noted; one animal showed no skin reaction. At the 9th day of the experiment all skin reactions were completely gone.
On the basis of the results of the present study can be concluded that diethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant.
On the basis of the read across approach presented here it is assumed that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. Thus, the data for this endpoint can be read across from the analogous substance diethyl phosphonate, and dimethyl phosphonate is not to be classified as skin irritant.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1. Individual skin examination scores after 1 -4 hour exposure to dimethyl phosphhonate (scoring according to Draize scheme)
Skin effect | Erythema |
Edema |
||||||
Scoringa | 24h | 48h | 72h | Meanb | 24h | 48h | 72h | Meanb |
Animal No.10 (4 -hour exposure) | 1 | 0 | 0* | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0* | 0 |
Animal No.35 (2 -hour exposure) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Animal No.77 (1 -hour exposure) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
aTimepoint of reading after substance removal subsequent to 1-4 hour dermal exposure
bMean of 24, 48, and 72 hours in intact skin
Individual data were reported for only one animal per time point.
* Reading at 72 hours was not observed. The same scores assumed as for 48h time point (worst case).
On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant, according to DSD and CLP criteria.
Table 1. Individual skin examination scores after 8-hour exposure to dimethyl phosphhonate (scoring according to Draize scheme)
Skin effect | Erythema |
Edema |
||||||
Scoring a | 24h | 48h | 72h | Mean b | 24h | 48h | 72h | Mean b |
Animal No.24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
a Timepoint of reading after substance removal subsequent to 8h-dermal exposure.
b Mean of 24, 48, and 72 hours in intact skin.
Individual data were reported for only one animal
On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant, according to DSD and CLP criteria.
Table: Evaluation results of skin reactions after diethyl phosphite administration to rabbits
Animal No. | Symptoms | Time points for skin evaluation | ||||
24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | 7 days | 14 days | ||
62 | Erythema | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- |
62 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
92 | Erythema | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
92 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
93 | Erythema | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
93 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
82 | Erythema | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
82 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
84 | Erythema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
84 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
94 | Erythema | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
94 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Average (24h,48h,72h) | Erythema | 0.67 | -- | -- | ||
Average (24h,48h,72h) | Oedema | 0 | -- | -- |
On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that diethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant, according to DSD and CLP criteria. On the basis of the read across approach presented here it is assumed that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. Thus, the data for this endpoint can be read across from the analogous substance diethyl phosphonate, and dimethyl phosphonate is not to be classified as skin irritant.
Table: Evaluation results of skin reactions after diethyl phosphite administration to rabbits
Animal No. | Symptoms | Time points for skin evaluation | ||||
24 hours | 48 hours | 72 hours | 7 days | 14 days | ||
62 | Erythema | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -- |
62 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
92 | Erythema | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -- |
92 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
93 | Erythema | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
93 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
82 | Erythema | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
82 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
84 | Erythema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
84 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
94 | Erythema | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
94 | Oedema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Average (24h,48h,72h) | Erythema | 0.67 | -- | -- | ||
Average (24h,48h,72h) | Oedema | 0 | -- | -- |
On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that diethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant, according to DSD and CLP criteria. On the basis of the read across approach presented here it is assumed that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. Thus, the data for this endpoint can be read across from the analogous substance diethyl phosphonate, and dimethyl phosphonate is not to be classified as skin irritant.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Comparable to guideline study with restrictions (No GLP study. Only 2 animals used. Reading at 72 hours was not performed. No information about environmental and housing conditions). Adopted according to OECD SIDS (public available peer reviewed source). The original source is available and has been reviewed.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No GLP study. Only 2 animals used. Reading at 72 hours was not performed. No information about environmental and housing conditions
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- GLP was not mandatory at the time of the study
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 3-4 kg
- Housing: individual housing
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Amount applied: 0.1 mL
- Observation period (in vivo):
- up to 7 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 2
- Details on study design:
- SCORING SYSTEM: Draize score
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Reddening of the conjunctiva (grade 2) was observed 1h after treatment; no other effects. Effects reversible in 5 days.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Executive summary:
In an eye irritation study, 0.1 mL of test substance was instilled into the conjunctival sac of one eye of two male young adult New Zealand White rabbits, with a method similar to OECD guideline 405 with deviations (No GLP study. Only 2 animals used. Reading at 72 hours was not performed. No information about environmental and housing conditions). Animals were observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored according to the method of Draize. Reddening of the conjunctiva (grade 2) was observed 1h after treatment; no other effects were observed. Effects were reversible within 5 days. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not irritating to eyes according to DSD and CLP criteria.
Reference
Reading at 72 hours was not performed. The same scores assumed as for 48h time point (worst case).
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
In order to assess the skin irritation potential of dimethyl phosphonate a weight of evidence approach is used. For skin irritation one reliable report exists. In a primary dermal irritation study, the skin irritation/corrosion potential of dimethyl phosphonate was tested. 500 µL of dimethyl phosphonate was applied undiluted to the ears of 2 New Zealand White rabbits for a period of time of 1 to 4 hours, and 8 hours. The rabbits were observed for 7 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the test substance. The exposure period of 4 hours caused only very slight erythema at 24 hours observation time. No further skin reactions were observed. The exposure period of 8 hours caused only very slight erythema at 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure. No further skin reactions were observed. On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. Futhermore, a reliable primary skin irritation study in rabbits was conducted with the analogue substance diethyl phosphonate. The two compounds have similar chemical structure and have similar properties. Therefore, findings for diethyl phosphonate can be read across to the analogue substance, dimethyl phosphonate. The skin irritation/corrosion potential of diethyl phosphonate was tested according to OECD guideline 404. The shaved dorso-lateral skin of the trunk of six male rabbits was exposed to 0.5 mL test material for 4 hours under semiocclusive conditions. The rabbits were observed for 14 days. Skin reactions were assessed using the Draize scheme approx. 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the test substance. The exposure period of 4 hours caused the following symptoms: 5 of 6 animals showed erythema at the application sites. A corrosive effect was not noted; one animal showed no skin reaction. At the 9th day of the experiment all skin reactions were completely gone. On the basis of the results of the present study it can be concluded that diethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant. On the basis of the read across approach presented here it is assumed that dimethyl phosphonate is not a skin irritant as well. All together the above described results show that dimethyl phophonate is not a skin irritant.
For eye irritation one reliable study exists. 0.1 mL of dimethyl phosphonate was instilled into the conjunctival sac of one eye of two male young adult New Zealand White rabbits, with a method similar to OECD guideline 405 with deviations (No GLP study. Only 2 animals used. No information about environmental and housing conditions). Animals were observed for 7 days. Irritation was scored according to the method of Draize. Reddening of the conjunctiva (grade 2) was observed 1h after treatment; no other effects were observed. Effects were reversible within 5 days. Additionally, in another study it was found that dimethyl phosphonate is moderately irritating to the eyes of rabbits (Occidental Chemical Corporation, 1992). However this study is considered not reliable because of relevant methodological deficiencies (method shortly described; individual readings not reported, Draize Score system was not used to assess the eye effects; amount of test substance applied too little) and therefore is not used for hazard assessment of dimethyl phosphonate.
Based on the reliable data available, it can be concluded that dimethyl phosphonate is not irritating to eyes.
Justification for classification or non-classification
According to CLP classification criteria (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008) a classification is not justified.
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