Icosyl acrylate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

The long-chain acrylates do not show toxicity to aquatic organisms above the range of water solubility.

 

Additional information

Short-term toxicity to fish

The test substance 2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl ester was tested in a 96 h acute toxicity study to golden orfe according to DIN 38412.. The observed symptoms were apathy, narcotic-like state, tumbling. The LC100 and the LC50 were 1000 mg/L and 460 mg/L, respectively. The NOEC-value and the LC0 were 215 mg/L and 215 mg/L (BASF 1988).

 

The acute lethal toxicity of 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters (CAS 90530-21-5) to Danio rerio (Zebrafish) was investigated under static exposure conditions over a period of 96 h, using the Water Accomodated Fraction (WAF) approach. Toxic effects other than mortality, e.g. loss of coordination, hypo- or hyperactivity and swimming on the back, were not observed. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 100 mg/L with respect to the loading rate. 100% mortality (LC100) could not be detected. Based on the binominal theory, the absence of mortality provides at least 99% confidence that the LC50 is greater than the applied loading rate of 100 mg/L (BASF SE, 2012).

 

The acute toxicity to fish (zebrafish), of the test substance and 2-Propenoic acid, C18-22-alkyl esters was determined according to OECD-Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 203 (1992) and EU Council Regulation No. 440/2008/ C.1 (2008) in a static test using the WAF approach. The NOEL was laid down as 100 mg/L. The LL50 after 96 hours was > 100 mg/L. All effect levels are given based on the nominal level of the test item. Therefore the test substance was found to cause no toxic effects to zebrafish after 96 hours when tested with a loading level of 100 mg/L (BASF SE, 2012).

 

 

Long-term toxicity to fish

In accordance with column 2 Annex IX section 9.1 of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH), the study on long-term toxicity to fish does not need to be conducted because from the available acute data for structural analogue substances and the chronic data that are available for all 3 trophic levels, there is no indication that fish are any more sensitive than aquatic invertebrates and algae to this substance. Furthermore, performing the chronic fish study, a vertebrate study falling under the animal protection legislation of the EU (86/609/EEC), is unjustified.

 

However, for the shorter chains in the long-chain acrylate esters group, information on the long-term toxicity to fish is available for Dodecyl acrylate (C12). The effects of Dodecyl acrylate to the early-life stage of fish (Danio rerio/ Zebrafish) were determined according to OECD Guideline 210. For the hatchability, post hatch and overall survival and fry growth the NOEC was 1 μg/L (water solubility limit). Therefore, the LOEC for for these parameters was determined to be > 1 μg/L. (BASF SE, 2019).

 

 

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

 

The median effective concentration (EC50) of 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters (CAS 90530-21-5), to Daphnia magna was investigated for the water accommodated fraction (WAF) at a loading rate of 100 mg/L under static exposure conditions over a period of 48 h. No significant effects (≤10% immobilization out of a total of 40 Daphnia) were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Based on these results, the 24 and 48 h EC50 values of the test substance, were >100 mg/L with respect to the loading rate. The no-observed-effect concentrations (NOEC) for 24 and 48 h of exposure were ≥100 mg/L. 100% immobilization was not detected within 48 h of exposure (BASF SE, 2012).

 

ln the acute immobilization test to Daphnia magna ( STRAUS), the effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of the test substance 2-Propenoic acid, C18-22-alkyl esters (85085-17-2) with a nominal loading of 100 mg/L were determined according to OECD 202 (2004) and Council Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008 Method C.2 (2008) in a Iimit test. The LL50/EC50 after 48 hours was > 100 mg/L. All effect levels are given based on the nominal level of the test item. Therefore the test substance was found to cause no toxic effects to Daphnia magna after 48 hours when tested with a loading level of 100 mg/L (BASF SE, 2012).

 

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

 

A semi-static Daphnia magna reproduction with the test item dodecyl acrylate (2156 -97 -0) was performed according to OECD guideline 211. Test species was Daphnia magna STRAUSS. Ten daphnids, held individually, were used per concentration, solvent control and control. Since the test item is volatile, the study was carried out in a closed system without headspace (sealed glass flasks filled up to the top with the test solutions) under semi-static conditions with a daily renewal of the test solutions. One limit concentration (1μg/L) of the test item was prepared by dissolving the test item in DMF and adding the test item dissolved in the solvent to the dilution water. The solvent concentration was 50.0μL/L. The geometric mean measured test item concentration is 0.250μg/L. The measured concentrations of the test item in fresh test media (0 hours) were in the range of 0.509μg/L to 1.66μg/l. At the end of the respective exposure intervals (24 hours), the measured concentrations in the old media were in the range of < LOQ to 0.152μg/L. The tested concentration was above the limit of solubility. Thus, the observed decrease may be caused by separation of undissolved test material. The regular test duration is 21 days. The test was prolonged for one day as the release of juveniles had not been synchronous. Therefore, the evaluation is performed based on the data of days 0-21 and 0-22. The Cochran-Armitage trend-test revealed that no significant trend in mortality was observed. The overall effect threshold for effects of the test item under the test conditions was 0.250μg/L (NOEC) and > 0.250μg/L (LOEC) based on the geometric mean measured concentrations of the test item Dodecyl acrylate (BASF SE, 2019).

 

A semi-static Daphnia magna reproduction test was performed in closed test vessels according to OECD Guideline 211 (2008) and EU Method C.20 (2008). At this methodDaphnia magnawere exposed to a range of 2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl esters (84238-60-8) under defined conditions over a period of 21 days. The following overall effect concentrations (mg/L) were obtained based on nominal concentrations: LOEC > 100 mg/L and NOEC ≥ 100 mg/L. No significant effect on mortality (21 d EC0 ≥ 100 mg/L) and reproduction or any adverse effects on additional endpoints (i.e. growth, immobile young, time to first brood, or aborted eggs) were observed in any of the test treatments (BASF SE, 2012).

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria.

 

The toxicity of Dodecyl acrylate to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. Dodecyl acrylate did not inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours when tested above its maximum water solubility. All effect levels are based on geometric mean measured test item concentration. the EC50-values for inhibition of growth rate (ErC50) and yield (EyC50) after 72 hours were > 0.274 µg/L (BASF SE, 2019).

 

In a 72-hour test conducted according to (DIN 38412, part 9) the acute toxicity of 2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl esters to Scenedesmus subspicatus CHODAT was examined. The EC50 and EC10-values (growth rate) were 51.6 mg/L and 24.8 mg/L, well above the water solubility limit of the substance (BASF SE, 1989).

 

The median growth inhibiting concentration (ErC50/EyC50) and the low-effect concentrations (ErC10/EyC10, ErC20/EyC20), based on the average specific growth rate and the yield (algal biomass production) within 3 days, of 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters (CAS 90530-21-5) to the green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus, were investigated over a period of 72 h (using a WAF approach).

The low effect concentrations with respect to growth rate, ErC10 and ErC20, were 169 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 49.3–218 mg/L) and 203 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 84.5-244 mg/L), respectively. The no-observed-effect concentration with respect to growth rate (NOErC) was 100 mg/L loading rate.

The low effect concentrations with respect to yield, EyC10 and EyC20, were 117 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 76.7-150 mg/L) and 138 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 97.0-173 mg/L), respectively (all based on WAF). The no-observed-effect concentration with respect to yield (NOEyC) was 100 mg/L loading rate (WAF) (BASF SE, 2012).

 

The toxicity of the test substance 2-Propenoic acid, C18-22-alkyl estersto the unicellular freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined according to the principles of OECD 201. The EL50 basic for effect growth rate (72 h) was greater than 100 mg/L. The observed effects did not follow a considered dose-response curve. Therefore, the presented effect levels (especially Ey20) are of low reliability and should be considered with extreme care. The effects may be caused by the presence of undissolved test item in the test medium, since the preparation of the water accommodated fraction did not include a filtration step. Hence, it cannot be excluded that particles of the test item might have caused the observed response (BASF SE, 2012).

 

Toxicity to microorganisms

Information is available for 2-Propenoic acid, C12-14-alkyl ester, 2-Propenoic acid, C16-18-alkyl esters , and 2-Propenoic acid, C18-22-alkyl estersAll studies resulted in an EC50 value greater than 1000 mg/L (BASF SE 1988, BASF SE, 2012,BASF SE, 2011).