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EC number: 203-137-6 | CAS number: 103-71-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: Acute Fish Toxicity, no guideline mentioned
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Salmo gairdneri (renamed to: Oncorhynchus mykiss), juveniles
- average length (mm): 29 +/- 3
- average weight (g): 0.25 +/- 0.06 - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- dilution water: hard well water; total hardness (mg/l as CaCO3): 250 (240-260)
- Test temperature:
- 15+/-1°C
- pH:
- 7.1-7.7
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > 80% air saturation
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0, 7.9, 12.6 and 19.9 mg/L (nominal)
Effective concentrations ranged from 96.3 % to 100.8 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 91.4 % to 97.9 % of nominal values in the media after 3 d of exposure. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 2-L glass flask
- flow-through
- Water replacement time: 20 mL/min.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 fish/vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- test was run in duplicate
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: hard well water
- ammonia (97 h, mg/l): max. 0.25
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, test item concentrations (absorption spectrometry), ammonia (Nesslerisation) - Reference substance (positive control):
- not specified
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28.3 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 18.3-43.7 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10.6 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 7.4-15.3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 4.1-16.3 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Although the test substance solutions have not been filtrated, it can be concluded that aniline has been dissolved completely in water as the water solubility is high with 35 g/L and the maximum concentration of anilin in the test was 19.9 mg/L (nominal).
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Test substance concentrations (% of mean nominal value):
whole experiment after 3 d
tanks without fish: 100.8 +/- 8.6, 97.9 +/- 4.3
tanks with fish: 96.3 +/- 13.7, 91.4 +/- 6.7
Mean concentration of ammonia in test flasks with fish (mg/L): Nominal concentration of aniline (mg/L) 19.9, 12.6, 7.9; Ammonia (mg/L) 0.22, 0.26, 0.28
Concentration of ammonia in test flasks without fish (mg/L): about 0.03
The authors discussed, that trout can detach the amine moiety from aniline and excrete this in form of ammonia.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The dissolve oxygen concentration was above 60 % (> 80 %), deviation from nominal concentration is < 20 %
- Conclusions:
- After 96 h of exposure a LC50 of 28.3 mg/L was determined.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of Aniline toward fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous: Salmo gairdneri)) was tested in a flow-through study. The LC50-value for 96 h is reported, too. Groups of 10 fish were exposed to three concentrations of aniline (7.9 mg/L, 12.6 mg/L, 19.9 mg/L) and control without aniline. Effective concentrations ranged from 96.3 % to 100.8 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 91.4 % to 97.9 % of nominal values in the media after 3 d of exposure. The test was run in duplicate. After 96 h of exposure a LC50 of 28.3 mg/L was determined.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 28.3 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 18.3-43.7 mg/L
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 10.6 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 7.4-15.3 mg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.2 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 4.1-16.3 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Although the test substance solutions have not been filtrated, it can be concluded that aniline has been solved in total as the water solubility is high with 35 g/L and the maximum concentration of anilin in the test was 19.9 mg/L (nominal).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The dissolve oxygen concentration was above 60 % (> 80 %), deviation from nominal concentration is < 20 %
- Conclusions:
- After 96 h of exposure a LC50 of 28.3 mg/L was determined.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of aniline toward fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous: Salmo gairdneri)) was tested in a flow-through study. The LC50-value for 96 h is reported, too. Groups of 10 fish were exposed to three concentrations of aniline (7.9 mg/L, 12.6 mg/L, 19.9 mg/L) and control without Aniline. Effective concentrations ranged from 96.3 % to 100.8 % of nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 91.4 % to 97.9 % of nominal values in the media after 3 d of exposure. The test was run in duplicate. After 96 h of exposure a LC50 of 28.3 mg/L was determined.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Due to the rapid hydrolysis of phenyl isocyanate, results from the hydrolysis product aniline are also taken into account for assessment and the most conservative value is chosen.
The acute toxicity for aniline to fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was measured yielding a 96h-LC50 of 10.6 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 10.6 mg/L
Additional information
For aniline vaious fish species short term toxicity tests are available with 96h-LC50-values ranging form 10.6 mg/L to >100 mg/L. Due to the rapid phototransformation of aniline, results of toxicity tests using flow-through or semi-static conditions and/or measured concentrations were considered as more reliable. The lowest 96h-LC50 value was reported for Oncorhynchus mykiss.
A study with phenyl isocyanate is also available. However, as the substance hydrolyses rapidly to anilin and the resulting value for aniline was lower the latter was taken as a conservative approach.
According to handbook data, isocyanates react rapidly with water forming aminic structures as well as carbamic acids, which are mostly unstable, and ureas under release of carbon dioxide. Monitoring the amine formation in hydrolysis studies gives a picture of the degradation of the isocyanate. This behaviour of isocyanates has been used in studies to determine the rate of degradation*. In Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.6 it is mentioned that degradation products instead of parent substance can be investigated for ecotoxicological effects if the hydrolysis is very rapidly (t1/2 <1 h), OECD Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures (2000) and Guidance on IR & CSA Chapter R.7b state the same. As phenyl isocyanate hydrolyses to aniline this is the ecotoxicological relevant species. Concluding, tests performed using the corresponding amine can equally be used to assess the ecotoxicological hazards of phenyl isocyanate. An underestimation of environmental hazards is thus avoided supporting a conservative and thus protective hazard assessment.
* Bayer Industry Services (2004), 4-chlorophenyl-isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300181. Leverkusen, Germany.
Bayer Industry Services (2003), Isopropyl isocyanate: Investigation on Stability in Aqueous Test Solutions. Project No: 200300095. Leverkusen, Germany.
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