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EC number: 205-126-1 | CAS number: 134-03-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2009-11-23 to 2009-12-22
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 A (Ready Biodegradability: DOC Die Away Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-A (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) Die-Away Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Batch Number: TL00910581
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- The study was performed with aerobic activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (ARA Ergolz II, Füllinsdorf / Switzerland) treating predominantly domestic wastewater. The sludge was washed twice with tap water by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. A homogenized aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, thereafter dried and the ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated.
Based on this ratio, calculated amounts of wet sludge were suspended in test water to obtain a concentration equivalent to 4 g (±10%) dry material per liter. During the holding period of one day prior to use, the sludge was aerated at room temperature. Prior to use, the dry weight of this diluted activated sludge was determined again and defined amounts were added to test water to obtain a final concentration of 30 mg dry material per liter.
The test water was prepared according to the testing guidelines. Analytical grade salts were dissolved in purified water to obtain the following stock solutions:
1) KH2PO4 8.50 g/L
K2HPO4 21.75 g/L
Na2HPO4 × 2H2O 33.40 g/L
NH4Cl 0.50 g/L
The pH of this solution was 7.4.
2) MgSO4 × 7H2O 22.50 g/L
3) CaCl2 × 2H2O 36.40 g/L
4) FeCl3 × 6H2O 0.25 g/L, stabilized with one drop of concentrated HCl per liter
To obtain the final test water, 10 mL of stock solution 1) and 1 mL each of stock solutions 2) 4) were combined and made up to 1000 mL with purified water. The pH was adjusted from 7.6 to 7.4 with a diluted hydrochloric acid solution. - Duration of test (contact time):
- > 0 - <= 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 30 other: mg C/L
- Based on:
- DOC
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 80 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- DOC removal
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Test temperature: 21-23°C. The inoculated flasks were incubated in a temperature-controlled room. The temperature was checked on each sampling date in one of the inoculum controls. Additionally, the room temperature was continuously recorded.
- pH: Prior to test start, the pH was measured in each test flask before the addition of the activated sludge inoculum and was pH 7.4 in all test flasks. At the end of incubation, the pH was measured again in each test flask and was between pH 7.2 and pH 7.5.
- pH adjusted: No (not necessary)
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2000-mL Erlenmeyer flasks, cleaned with alcoholic hydrochloric acid, rinsed with deionized water and dried. The final volume was 1000 mL per flask. Each flask was loosely covered with aluminium foil to allow the exchange of air between the flask and the surrounding atmosphere. The test media were continuously stirred by magnetic stirrers. The test vessels were labeled with all necessary information to ensure unmistakable identification.
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Test performed in open system: Yes
- Other: The test flasks were incubated in a dark room
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: One sample of about 10 mL was taken from each test flask per sampling date. Prior to sampling, water evaporation losses were determined by weighing the flasks and were compensated by adding purified water. Deposits on the test vessels were resuspended.
- Sample storage before analysis: Samples were filtered through a 0.45-µm filter. The first 34 mL of the filtrate was discarded. Thereafter, the samples were analyzed for DOC on the day of sampling.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Yes, two flasks
- Toxicity control: Yes, one flask
- Other: Positive control with reference compound, two flasks - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- The amount of test item was based on the measured DOC content of 0.39 mg C per mg test item (calculated carbon content: 0.36 mg C/mg). The DOC determination was performed in a solubility pre-test of the test item (without GLP). During the study, the carbon content of the test item was verified under GLP.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- > 99
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Sampling Dates: Exposure Day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28
- Details on results:
- In the test flasks, containing the test item and activated sludge (inoculum), the mean concentration of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) continuously decreased from initially 27 mg/L on Day 0 to 0.4 mg/L on Day 28 (Table 1). The mean biodegradation of the test item based on DOC decrease amounted to 99%. Therefore, the test item was found to be biodegradable under the test conditions over the 28 day exposure to activated sludge. Moreover, the pass level for ready biodegradability, i.e. biodegradation of at least 70% removal of DOC in a 10 day window within the 28 day period of the test, was reached.
Therefore, the test item Sodium ascorbate crystalline is readily biodegradable under the test conditions. - Results with reference substance:
- In the procedure controls, containing the reference item sodium benzoate and activated sludge (inoculum), sodium benzoate was completely biodegraded (>90%) within seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item is readily biodegradable in a 10-day window and after 28 days of exposure. All validity criteria of the test guidelines were fulfilled.
- Executive summary:
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a GLP-compliant 28-day DOC Die-Away Test according to EU-Method C.4-A and the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 301 A (1992). In the test flasks, containing the test item and activated sludge (inoculum), the mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) continuously decreased by 99% of the initial values within the test period of 28 days. Therefore, the test item was found to be biodegradable under the test conditions. Moreover, the pass level for ready biodegradability (70% removal of DOC in a 10-day window within a 28-day period) was reached. Therefore, the test item was found to be readily biodegradable under the test conditions. The reference item sodium benzoate was completely (>90%) biodegraded within seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge. In the toxicity control, containing the test item, the reference item sodium benzoate and activated sludge (inoculum), the initial DOC decreased by 100% within 14 days of exposure. Thus, according to the test guidelines the test item was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the tested concentration of 80 mg/L because degradation was >35% within 14 days. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
Reference
Description of key information
The test item is readily biodegradable (> 99% DOC removal) in a 10-day window and after 28 days of exposure.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a GLP-compliant 28-day DOC Die-Away Test according to EU-Method C.4-A and the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 301 A (1992). In the test flasks, containing the test item and activated sludge (inoculum), the mean concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) continuously decreased by 99% of the initial values within the test period of 28 days. Therefore, the test item was found to be biodegradable under the test conditions. Moreover, the pass level for ready biodegradability (70% removal of DOC in a 10-day window within a 28-day period) was reached. Therefore, the test item was found to be readily biodegradable under the test conditions. The reference item sodium benzoate was completely (>90%) biodegraded within seven days of exposure, thus confirming suitability of the activated sludge. In the toxicity control, containing the test item, the reference item sodium benzoate and activated sludge (inoculum), the initial DOC decreased by 100% within 14 days of exposure. Thus, according to the test guidelines the test item was not inhibitory to activated sludge at the tested concentration of 80 mg/L because degradation was >35% within 14 days. All validity criteria of the test guideline were fulfilled.
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