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EC number: 236-502-3 | CAS number: 13410-58-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10 October 2004 to 10 January 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1984 Part I - 24h EC50 Acute Immobilisation Test
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.1010 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Version / remarks:
- 1996
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 6341 (Water quality - Determination of the Inhibition of the Mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea))
- Version / remarks:
- 1989
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: International Standard ISO/DIS 10706
- Version / remarks:
- Water quality - Determination of long term toxicity of substances to Daphnia magna STRAUS
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - At the beginning (after 0 h) and after 24 h (new test solutions) samples from vessels without daphnids and after 24h (old test solutions) and at the end of the exposition (after 48 h) samples from vessels with daphnids were analysed.
- The concentration control analyses were performed with test solutions of the following nominal concentrations (mg/L) of the test material: 0, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - The test material was stirred in M4 medium for about 20 hours at 20 ± 2°C. Undissolved test material was removed by centrifugation (approximately 20 min at about 17700 G). The eluate appeared colourless-clear.
- The concentration of the stock solutions were: 1.3 mg/2L, 2.6 mg/2L, 2.6 mg/1L, 5.4 mg/L and 10.1 mg/L (h0). 1.3 mg/2L, 2.6 mg/2L, 2.6 mg/1L, 5.1 mg/L and 10.2 mg/L (h24). - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Strain/clone: STRAUS
- Age at beginning of test: 2-24 h (starting with the 3rd breed of parent animals)
- Age of stock animals: 2 - 4 weeks
- Feeding during test: none - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.20 – 3.20 mmol/L
- Test temperature:
- 19.1 - 19.8°C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 - 9.2 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 550 - 650 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L.
Mean Measured: 0.598, 1.223, 2.448, 4.678 and 9.190 mg/L
Measured concentrations were within 86.6 - 109 % of the nominal values at 0, 24 and 48 hours. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Test tubes (glass) sealed with gas impermeable teflon caps (nominal volume 23 mL).
- Fill volume: approx. 23 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution: after 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 0.22 animals/mL
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- A synthetic fresh water was used for culture and test purposes (M4 medium).
Properties of this medium:
- Total hardness: 2.20 - 3.20 mmol/L
- Alkalinity up to pH 4.3 : 0.80 - 1.00 mmol/L
- Molar ratio Ca:Mg: about 4:1
- Conductivity: 550 - 650 µS/cm
- After preparation the M4 medium was aerated for approximately 24 h until saturation with oxygen was reached.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Temperature was measured continuously during the whole test period in a separate vessel. pH and oxygen were measured after 0 and 24 h (new test solutions) in an additional replicate without daphnids and after 24 and 48 h (old test solutions) in replicate 1 of each tested concentration.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: Artificial light, type warm white (OSRAM L58 W31) day: night rhythm = 16:8 h
- Light intensity: About 1- 8 µE/(m².s) at a wave length of 400 - 750 nm
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Swimming ability of the test animals was observed visually after 0, 24 and 48 hours.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- The test concentrations were determined in a range finding test (non GLP). - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 3.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95 % confidence limits: 2.65-3.84 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95 % confidence limits: 2.04 - 2.92 mg/L)
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 1.25 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC100
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- VALIDITY CRITERIA
- In the control the immobilisation was ≤ 10%.
- In the control no daphnids were captured in a surface film.
- The O2-concentration was > 3 mg/L in all tested replicates.
- The EC50 (24h) of the control substance potassium dichromate was 1.07 mg/L
The test is valid. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - The EC50(24h) of the control substance potassium dichromate was 1.07 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the statistical calculation of the EC50 the probit method (p ≤ 0.05) was used.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the 48 hour EC50 was determined to be 2.46 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 2.04 - 2.93 mg/L).
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic invertebrates was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202, EU Method C.2, OPPTS 850.1010, ISO 6341 and ISO/DIS 10706, under GLP conditions.
Determination of the acute effect on the swimming ability of the water flea Daphnia magna STRAUS was assessed in a 48-hour semi-static test.
The test material was tested in the range of concentrations between 0.625 and 10 mg/L, the dilution factor was 2. Those animals were considered to be immobile which were unable to swim within 15 seconds even after gentle agitation of the test vessel.
The test was performed in closed test system performed with a change of the test solutions after 24 h test duration. The recovery rate in the concentration control gas chromatography analysis was between 86.6 and 109%.
All of the validity criteria of the test were met.
Under the conditions of this study, the 48 hour EC50 was determined to be 2.46 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 2.04 - 2.93 mg/L).
Reference
Table 1: Number of mobile daphnids
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
Parallel 1 (h) |
Parallel 2 (h) |
Parallel 3 (h) |
Parallel 4 (h) |
∑(h) |
|||||||||
0 |
24 |
48 |
0 |
24 |
48 |
0 |
24 |
48 |
0 |
24 |
48 |
24 |
48 |
|
Control |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
20 |
10 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
2.5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
14 |
8 |
1.25 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
20 |
0.625 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
20 |
20 |
Description of key information
Under the conditions of the study, the 48 hour nominal EC50 was 2.46 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 2.04-2.93 mg/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 2.46 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test material to aquatic invertebrates was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 202, EU Method C.2, OPPTS 850.1010, ISO 6341 and ISO/DIS 10706, under GLP conditions. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Determination of the acute effect on the swimming ability of the water flea Daphnia magna STRAUS was assessed in a 48-hour semi-static test.
The test material was tested in the range of concentrations between 0.625 and 10 mg/L, the dilution factor was 2. Those animals were considered to be immobile which were unable to swim within 15 seconds even after gentle agitation of the test vessel.
The test was performed in closed test system performed with a change of the test solutions after 24 h test duration. The recovery rate in the concentration control gas chromatography analysis was between 86.6 and 109%.
All of the validity criteria of the test were met.
Under the conditions of the study, the 48 hour EC50 was determined to be 2.46 mg/L (95% confidence limits: 2.04 - 2.93 mg/L).
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