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EC number: 205-563-8 | CAS number: 142-82-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Neurotoxicity
Administrative data
Description of key information
The weight of evidence indicates that Heptane is unlikely to present a hazard as a neurotoxicant.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effect on neurotoxicity: via oral route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on neurotoxicity: via inhalation route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- neurotoxicity: acute inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Effect-air concentration regressions of Heptane was determined for 4 hour inhalation exposures in male rats and for 2 hour exposure in female mice. Inhibition of propagation and maintenance of the electrically evoked seizure discharge was used as a criterion of the acute neurotropic effect.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- other: rats and mice
- Strain:
- other: (male albino SPF Wistar rats) and H-strain mice
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hour inhalation exposures in male rats
2 hour exposure in female mice - Frequency of treatment:
- three or four exposures with intervals being at least 3 weeks
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Ranges of effective concentrations were estimated in preliminary experiments. Three concentrations were selected in the linear part of the effect-concentration curve, between 25 and 75 % of the maximum effect.
Basis:
no data - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 4 rats
8 mice - Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ECC (biological response amounting to 30 % of the maximum possible effect in rats)
- Effect level:
- ca. 12 000 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Sex:
- male
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Width of a one-sided 90 % confidence interval (ppm): 730 Slope of the regression (%/ppm): 0.011
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ECC (biological response amounting to 30 % of the maximum possible effect in mice)
- Effect level:
- ca. 21 000 mg/m³ air (nominal)
- Sex:
- female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Width of a one-sided 90 % confidence interval (ppm): 1590 Slope of the regression (%/ppm): 0.007
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Isoeffective concentration of heptane (ECC, mean of the value in rats and mice) expressed as percentage of the concentration of saturated vapors (CSV) at 37 °C
- Effect level:
- ca. 3.4 other: ECC/CSV (%)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Isoeffective concentration of heptane (EC10, mean of the value in rats and mice) expressed as percentage of the concentration of saturated vapors (CSV) at 37 °C
- Effect level:
- ca. 0.9 other: EC10/CSV (%)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, Normal-Heptane was capable of blocking electrically evoked seizures at 2740 ppm (90% confidence interval = 730), underlining the effects on behaviour.
- Executive summary:
Under the conditions of the test, Normal-Heptane was capable of blocking electrically evoked seizures at 2740 ppm (90% confidence interval = 730), underlining the effects on behaviour.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Quality of whole database:
- 1 supporting study available for assessement
Effect on neurotoxicity: via dermal route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Acute neurotoxicity data is available for Heptane.
Heptane
Inhibition of propagation and maintenance of electrically evoked seizure discharge was tested as a parameter for the acute neurotropic effect of heptane in rodents (Frantik et al. 1994). Groups of 4 male rats and 8 female mice per dose were exposed by inhalation to ambient air or 3 concentrations selected in the linear part of an effect-concentration curve (between 25 and 75% of the maximum effect), which had been determined in preliminary experiments. Following exposure, measurements of biological effects were conducted. After a short electrical impulse applied through ear electrodes, the duration of tonic extension of hindlimbs (rats) and the velocity of tonic extension (mice) was measured. Data were processed by linear regression and the effect in the lower third of the dose-response curve (linear part) was chosen as the critical level. Isoeffective concentrations, corresponding to the critical level of effect (ECC), were interpolated and the 90% confidence intervals were calculated. The lowest effective concentration EC10was determined as well. The interpolated estimates of concentrations evoking a 30% of the maximum possible effect were 2740 ppm (corresponding to ca. 12000 mg/m³) for rats and 4740 ppm (ca. 21000 mg/m³) for mice, with a width of a one-sided 90% confidence interval of 730 and 1590 ppm, respectively. The isoeffective concentration of Normal-Heptane (ECC and EC10, mean of the value in rats and mice) expressed as percentage of the concentration of saturated vapours (CSV) at 37 °C were 3.4 and 0.9 %. Under the conditions of the test, Normal-Heptane was capable of blocking electrically evoked seizures, underlining the effects on behaviour.
Several other analogues have also been tested, namely octane; hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 5% n-hexane; hydrocarbons, C7-C9, isoalkanes; naphtha (petroleum), light alkylate (analogue substance for hydrocarbons, C7-C9, isoalkanes) and alkanes, C7-10-iso- (analogue substance for iso-octane). Studies on neurotoxic effects were performed in rodents upon single and/or repeated dose inhalation exposure to the test substances. In the majority of cases, measurement of various parameters of neurobehavioral response showed minimal to no adverse effects. In some cases, however, reversible neurobehavioural effects occurred at the higher dose levels. NOAEC values for neurobehavioural effects were ≥ 1000 ppm (ca. 3500-5200 mg/m³ depending on composition), mice being much more sensitive than rats (CEFIC, 2000, 2001; Lammers, 2001; Schreiner et al. 1998).
Therefore, Heptane is unlikely to present a hazard as a neurotoxicant.
References:
Balster, R. L. et al. (1997). Evaluation of the acute behavioral effects and abuse potential of a C8-C9 isoparaffin solvent. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 46: 125-135.
Bowen, S. E. and Balster, R. L. (1998). The Effects of Inhaled Isoparaffins on Locomotor Activity and Operant Performance in Mice. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 61(3): 271-280.
CEFIC (2000). The Effects of Short-term Inhalatory Exposure to n-octane on Behaviour in the Rat. Unpublished. Testing laboratory: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute. Report no.: V99.429 Final. Owner company: CEFIC, Study number: 40.144/01.04. Report date: 2000-01-12.
CEFIC (2001). The Effects of Short-term Inhalatory Exposure to Iso-octane on Behaviour in the Rat. Unpublished. Testing laboratory: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute. Report no.: V99.430 Final.Owner company: CEFIC,. Study number: 40.144/01.09. Report date: 2001-02-15.
Lammers, J. H. C. M. (2001). The Effects of Short-term Inhalatory Exposure to Cypar 7 on Behaviour in the Rat. Unpublished. Testing laboratory: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute. Report no.: V99.1115 Final. Owner company: CEFIC, Study number: 40.144/01.10. Report date: 2001-02-15.
Schreiner, C. et al. (1998). Toxicity evaluation of petroleum blending streams: inhalation subchronic toxicity/neurotoxicity study of a light alkylate naphtha distillate in rats.Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (Part A) 55:277-296.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on available data, Heptane is unlikely to present a hazard as a neurotoxicant.
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