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EC number: 932-420-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Water solubility
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
According to the solubility studies, the major elements found at the maximum of solubility were 1054 mg/l Al and 856 mg/l Ca, for 100 g of the tested substance, ie approximatively 1%. This is the highest solubility compared to the solubility of commercially available gradings.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The defined substance is commercially available in granulates form for non hydraulic properties and use. The substance is commercially provided with different specific grading until a diameter of 25mm.
Some of the mineralogical components reacts with water, as it can be noticed through maximum solubility measurements in water , provided in the dossier. Calcium and Aluminium are the only significantly measured elements in solution. Moreover the observed maximum solubility is very similar to pure CaAl2O4. CaAl2O4is indeed one the more reactive and richer in aluminium present component in the substance
The test on solubility has been perfromed on the finest commercially grade (0 to 1 mm), which has been ground under 100µm.
Adduitional study comparinig conductimetry of different granulometry shows that the solubility of the finest commercially available grade (0 to 1 mm) is significantly lower that the finally ground under 100 µm sample of the substance (about 5 times)
According to the solubility studies, the major elements found at the maximum of solubility were 1054 mg/l Al and 856 mg/l Ca, for 100 g of the tested substance, ie approximatively 1%
Theoritically, it could be considered that basic reactivity in solution of CaAl2O4is a pessimistic approach , considering the substance as containing 100% of CaAl2O4. Reactivity in water of CaAl2O4is strongly dependent on grading (total available specific surface of the solid) . Basic available data on kinetics are for ground solid under 100 microns.
The reaction of CaAl2O4with water is in two steps:
- CaAl2O4partially dissolves in water to reach a transient maximum solubility value . Meanwhile , hydrates precipitates so that the apparent equilibrium is only a quasi-stationary equilibrium between dissolution and hydration.
- Precipitation rate of hydrates increases and CaAl2O4will be completely transformed through the following reaction into hydrates
CaAl2O4+ 4 H2O - > 1/3 Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O + 2/3 Al(OH)3
The pH of water will be then basic (above 9) in absence of any dilution or reaction with an other component. The Aluminium is only under Al(OH)4-form in water.
Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O is a slightly soluble hydrate with a higher solubility than Al(OH)3. Data are available in scientific literature . Total aluminium concentration is 2.474 mmol/l under Al(OH)4-form. (ref 1)
If diluted in water , Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O dissolves and provides calcium ion in solution with precipitation of Al(OH)3due to pH decrease.
With contact of dissolved CO2in water, Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O dissolves and precipitation of CaCO3and Al(OH)3occurs.
Al(OH)3will be then in any case , the main hydrate present in short and long term.
We can then identify 3 periods (for grounded substances under 100 microns):
- one at short term, when a maximum total Aluminium content is reached (within a few minutes or hours according to the commercial products
- one at mid-term, when hydration is completed (within a few hours or days) according to the commercial products. The Aluminium content in water will be very similar to Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O - Al(OH)3association.
- one long term, according to dilution and contact with any acid (as atmospheric CO2) to reach the pH 7 value . The total Aluminium content in water will be then very similar to Al(OH)3value.
The attached graph illustrates data from literature with the use of PHREEQC software (ref 1)
The Al(OH)3solubility will be high for high or low pH , and low in the range of pH (6 to 8) of usual natural environment.
Solubilities of pure Al(OH)3, (Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O) , association Al(OH)3 - (Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O) , association Al(OH)3 - CaCO3are plotted.
The calculated solubility of association Al(OH)3 - (Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O) with decreased pH is also plotted.
It could be noticed that long term solubility will be at the same level than Al(OH)3.
In this analysis, with a pessimistic approach , the following analogy can be then considered for the finest particles , (corresponding to a maximum 10 to 15% of the weight of commercial products) :
- at short term, if we consider the substance as a 100% CaAl2O4component :
o 1g of ground substance if completely dissolved will provide 341.1mg of total Aluminium (34.1%)
o Above 3g of ground substance, the solubility will be the same with a maximum 1g of total Aluminium.
o 1g of ground substance = 0.341g of soluble Aluminium from Al(OH)3 until 3g of substance in dosage-impact through water at similar pH
- At mid term, if we consider the substance as a 100% CaAl2O4component
o 1g of ground substance if completely dissolved will provide 341.1mg of total Aluminium (34.1%)
o Above 126 mg of ground substance, the solubility will be the same with a maximum 43mg of total Aluminium
o 100mg of ground substance = 0.341 mg of soluble Aluminium from Al(OH)3 until 126mg of substance in dosage-impact through water at similar pH
- At long term, if we consider the substance as a 100% CaAl2O4component:
o 1µg of ground substance if completely dissolved will provide 0.341µg of total Aluminium (34.1%) until
Al(OH)3 saturation.
As a conclusion, in theory, short term, mid term and long term contact should be considered with different ratio in Al(OH)3analogy.
For inhalation study : knowing that maximum CaAl2O4content is 70% and maximum percentage under 100 microns (soluble fraction ) is 15% , the ratio between substance and Aluminium equivalent Al(OH)3 is 0.7 x 0.15 x 0.341 = 0,036. or 1g of Aluminium equivalent Al(OH)3 = 28 g of substance.
For oral, dermal and ecotoxicological studies : knowing that maximum CaAl2O4content is 70% , the ratio between substance and Aluminium equivalent Al(OH)3 is 0.7 x 0.341 = 0,2387. or 1g of Aluminium equivalent Al(OH)3 = 4,2 g of substance.
With contact of dissolved CO2 in water, Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O dissolves and precipitation of CaCO3occurs.The precipitate CaCO3is not considered to be toxic, so the toxicity and ecotoxicity investigations will be performed on Al(III) compounds.
NB: Correspondence between Cement Chemistry Notation and Chemical Notation
CA = CaAl2O4
C3AH6 =Ca3Al2O6,6 H2O
AH3 = Al(OH)3
Ref 1: “Investigation of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system atby thermodynamic calculations”, D.DAMIDOT-F.P.GLASSER, Cement and Concrete Research , vol 25(1) pp22-28 (1995)
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