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EC number: 209-952-3 | CAS number: 598-78-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Modern day guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
- Report date:
- 2010
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-chloropropionic acid
- EC Number:
- 209-952-3
- EC Name:
- 2-chloropropionic acid
- Cas Number:
- 598-78-7
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5ClO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chloropropanoic acid
- Details on test material:
- The certificate of analysis indicates 94.3% purity. The substance is a clear, colourless liquid. It has a pungent odour and is stored in the dark in a cool, well ventilated area.
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- The activated sludge was obtained from Cambridge Sewage Treatment Works. The sludge was sieved to 850 µm, settled, decanted and resuspended using mineral media. This was then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes and the supernatant discarded. The sludge was then resuspended and centrifuged again at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes and the supernatant again discarded. Dry sludge solids determination was conducted on the pellet produced.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 60.3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- Conical flasks of nominal volume 2000 ml were filled with 1500 ml of inoculated mineral medium.The blanks, references and test bottles were set up in duplicate with a single replicate for a toxicity control. Test and reference materials were added to the appropriate bottles to a final concentration of 20 mg carbon/litre. Atmopsheric air was pumped into the test system and scrubbed clean of carbon dioxide by passing over soda lime. The air then continued into the test vessel where it collected any evolved carbon dioxide before moving into the carbon dioxide traps, each containing 200 ml of 0.05 M sodium hydroxide solution. The test solutions were stirred for the duration of the study.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable
% Degradation
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 88
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 2-Chloropropionic acid gave a positive result (> 60% degradation relative to the theoretical CO2 value) with a maximum of 99% recorded on day 29. It is concluded therefore that there is potential for biodegradation under environmental conditions. The inoculum blank should not normally produce more than 40 mg/l CO2 (10.9 mg/l C) for the test to be valid. A value of 29.6 mg/l (8.1 mg/l C) was recorded. The guideline requires that the reference material degrades by at least 60% of its theoretical CO2 value. A maximum value of 88% degradation of the sodium acetate was achieved on day 29. The test protocol requires that a 10 day window is applied to the degradation result (60% degradation to be reached within 10 days of 10% of the theoretical carbon dioxide produced). 10% degradation was achieved after approximately 5 days and 60% was achieved after 8 days. 2-Chloropropionic acid therefore achieved the 10 day window.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- The guideline requires that the reference material degrades by at least 60% of its theoretical CO2 value. A maximum value of 88% degradation of the sodium acetate was achieved on day 29.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The biodegradation rate of the test material in comparison to the reference material over the period of the test is tabulated below:-
Time (days) |
Biodegradation |
Biodegradation |
|
|
Reference Material, Sodium Acetate |
Test Material, 2-Chloropropionic acid |
|
0 | 0 | 0 | |
2 | 35 | 7 | |
5 | 56 | 8 | |
7 | 63 | 40 | |
10 | 66 | 63 | |
14 | 76 | 78 | |
19 | 80 | 82 | |
23 | 82 | 86 | |
28 | 84 | 88 | |
29 | 87 | 89 | |
29 | 88 | 99 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- All the test and validity criteria were successfully achieved during this study. The final conclusion is that 2-chloropropionic acid is readily biodegradable in an aerobic aqueous environment.
- Executive summary:
2 -Chloropropionic acid was tested in a biodegradation study according to OECD guideline 301B - CO2 evolution test. The reference substance was sodium acetate. The study was conducted to GLP. 2 -Chloropropionic acid gave a positive result (> 60% degradation relative to the theoretical carbon dioxide value) with a maximum of 99% degradation being recorded on day 29. Therefore, the conclusion is that 2-chloropropionic acid is readily biodegradable in an aerobic aqueous environment.
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