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EC number: 413-920-6 | CAS number: 88949-33-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of method:
- Laser scattering/diffraction
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: 100%
- Mean:
- < 2 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: wet dispersion by sonication
- Conclusions:
- The particle size distribution of the test substance was determined to be 100% (v/v) < 2 μm
Reference
The determination of the particle size distribution was performed using a Malvern 2600 Laser Diffraction Apparatus.
Visual investigation:
The test substance consisted of smaller and larger red coloured agglomerates. These agglomerates consisted of very large numbers of small amorphous, irregular shaped particles. The diameter of the largest particles was < 2 μm. In both the dry sample and in the suspensions (without sonication) the particles were agglomerated. After sonication for 20 seconds of the samples, an increase in small particles together with a break-down of the agglomerates was observed. After a sonication period of 280 seconds, there were almost no agglomerates left.
Determination of the dispersibility of the test substance:
In water the test substance was floating on the surface, no dispersion was formed. Mixing the test substance with ethanol or cyclohexane gave a good dispersion. The dispersion with cyclohexane did contain more agglomerates on the bottom. In neither liquid there was any visible dissolving (no colouration of the liquid was observed). As a result of the tests, ethanol was chosen as test medium.
Laser Diffraction Analysis:
The results of the Malvern analysis show that after 20 seconds of sonication a fairly stable dispersion of particles in ethanol is reached. It should be remarked that the results for these very small particles with this instrument have a low accuracy, since only reliable results are obtained for samples containing less than about 15% (v/v) particles with diameters smaller than 1.2 μm (for the 63 mm lens). Still the conclusion can be made that a vast majority of the particles is smaller than 2 μm. In conclusion, the particle size distribution is: 100% (v/v) < 2 μm.
Description of key information
Wet dispersion:
100% (v/v)= <2 μm
Additional information
Bulk form:
The determination was conducted by laser diffraction method according to OECD Guideline 110.
The results of the Malvern analysis show that after 20 seconds of sonication a fairly stable dispersion of particles in ethanol is reached.
It should be remarked that the results for these very small particles with this instrument have a low accuracy, since only reliable results are obtained for samples containing less than about 15% (v/v) particles with diameters smaller than 1.2 ym (for the 63 mm lens).
Still the conclusion can be made that a vast majority of the particles is smaller than 2 µm
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