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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3 900 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- aluminium
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Acute (48-hr) toxicities of various metal ions (including Al) to Daphnia magna in Lake Superior water were determined. Acute mortality (LC50) was derived as endpoint. The LC50 (48h) was 3.9 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- non-guideline study, but scientifically solid result published in peer-reviewed article
- Conclusions:
- Short-term (48 h) lethal effect concentrations (LC50) of aluminium ions on Daphnia magna were determined being 3.90 mg Al/L in lake water.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to determine the short-term toxicity (LC50) of various metals including aluminium ions towards Daphnia magna. Short-term (48 h) lethal effect concentrations (LC50) of aluminium ions on Daphnia magna were determined being 3.90 mg/L in Lake Superior water.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: statistically significant increase of mortality
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 5
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: statistically significant increase of mortality
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.02 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Al
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: at pH 6.5
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- Non-guideline study. However, compared to OECD 202 criteria the study is not valid.
- Conclusions:
- The effect of aluminum on the survival of Daphnia catawba, Holopedium gibberum, Chaoboruspunctipennis, and Chironomus anthrocinus was determined. None of the invertebrates were particularly sensitive to aluminium.
- Executive summary:
Experiments were conducted in soft water adjusted to pH 6.5 (original), 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, and 3.5, at three concentrations of aluminium (0.02, 0.32, 1.02 mg/L). Mortality, attributable to aluminium, occurred only at pH 6.5 for D. catawba at the highest aluminium concentration tested (1.02 mg/L).
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3 102 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % CI= 1281.61–7507.85
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Remarks:
- non-guideline study
- Conclusions:
- A study was performed to measure the toxicity of various metals for the freshwater ostracod Stenocypris major (Crustacea, Candonidae). A median lethal concentration (LC50) after 96 h of 3101.96 µg/L was determined.
- Executive summary:
Adults of freshwater ostracod Stenocypris major (Crustacea, Candonidae) were exposed over a four-day period under laboratory conditions to a range of various metals including aluminium. Mortality was assessed, and median lethal times (LT50) and concentrations (LC50) were calculated. Comparison of LC50 values for metals for this species with those for other freshwater crustacean reveals that S. major is equally or more sensitive to metals than most other tested crustaceans.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance. For details and justification of read-across please refer to the read-across report attached to IUCLID section 13.
Referenceopen allclose all
Measured Al concentration (μg/L) |
LT50(h) |
95 % confidence limit |
991 |
303.15 |
59.21–1552.17 |
4907 |
103.22 |
57.48–185.34 |
7454 |
55.66 |
42.32–73.21 |
10210 |
10210 |
29.86–63.51 |
16348 |
9.15 |
5.90–14.17 |
Time (h) |
LC50(µg/L) |
95 % confidence limit |
24 |
12530.33 |
10197.69–15396.55 |
48 |
6980.05 |
2360.23–20642.53 |
72 |
4964.23 |
3598.66–6848.01 |
96 |
3101.96 |
1281.61–7507.85 |
Description of key information
The toxicity of "Neutralisation and reduction products of bauxite residue from refinement process" to aquatic invertebrates is determined by the released aluminium ions. The EC50 of 3.9 mg Al/L reported in the key study (Biesinger and Christensen, 1972) is forwarded to the hazard assessment as the relevant endpoint.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 3.9 mg/L
Additional information
Toxicity of "Neutralisation and reduction products of bauxite residue from refinement process" to aquatic invertebrates can be elicited by Aluminium ions released from the material. Studies investigating the toxicity of Aluminium to invertebrates were retrieved from the public domain. The EC50 of aluminium ions in the standard test species Daphnia magna was determined to be 3.9 mg/L (Biesinger and Christensen, 1972). In addition, the median lethal concentration (LC50) after 96h in the freshwater ostracod Stenocypris major (Crustacea, Candonidae) was determined at 3101.96 µg Al/L (Shuhami-Othman, 2011). The results with the standard test organism D. magna are carried forward in the hazard assessment.
The results reported by Havas (1985) were disregarded due to significant methodological deficiencies in the test.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.