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EC number: 271-985-4 | CAS number: 68648-28-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EEC 1984 "Method for determination of ecotoxicity at level 1, Biodegradation; Repetitive Die Away Test" DGXI/400/84
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Determination of COD: method of Kelkenberg (1975)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge (e.g. location, sampling depth, contamination history, procedure): is taken from an activated sludge plant: the municipal waste water treatment plant in Duiven, NL.
-Storage conditions: the sludge is preconditioned during a week
- Concentration of sludge: 7.4 mL/L medium
- Initial cell/biomass concentration: 32.9 mg/L medium - Duration of test (contact time):
- 7 wk
- Initial conc.:
- 120 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD/L
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Volume of test solution/treatment: 40 mg/L
- Composition of medium: The prepared emulsion, contained 7.6 g oil/L was used as a stock solution
- Solubilising agent (type and concentration if used): 1. Genapol PF-40 (Hoechts), 10% of the weight of the oil. 2. Nonylphenol.10EO.5PO, 20% of the weight of the oil.
- Test temperature: 20 deg. C.
- pH: was measured
- Aeration of dilution water: yes
- Continuous darkness: yes
- Test performed in open system: no - Reference substance:
- other: sodium acetate
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 30
- Sampling time:
- 1 wk
- Remarks on result:
- other: none
- Details on results:
- Incubation time (days) 0 7 14 21 28 35 42
Ibid for blank 9.20 8.82 8.97 8.84 9.17 9.01 9.12
O2-conc. at time t 9.20 8.83 8.65 7.89 7.56 7.59 8.51
O2 saturation value 9.20 9.20 9.20 9.20 9.20 9.20 9.20
Relative oxygen uptake - 0.216 0.035 0.103 0.175 0.154 0.066
Total oxygen uptake - 0.216 0.035 0.103 0.175 0.154 0.066
% oxidation - 32 33 27 27 26 28 - Key result
- Parameter:
- COD
- Value:
- 2.46 g O2/g test mat.
- Results with reference substance:
- After 7 days the control had a relative oxygen uptake of 0.790 which is higher compare to the test substance which had a relative oxygen uptake of 0.216 at the same time.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, linseed oil had degradation rate of 30% per week and the Chemical Oxygen Demand was calculated to be 2.46 g/g. The substance was therefore classified as inherently biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to evaluate the biodegradability of of glycerides, C16-18 and C18-unsatd. (in the form of linseed oil) according to the EEC 1984 Method for Determination of Ecotoxicity at Level 1, Biodegradation, Repetitive Die Away Test (DGXI/400/84), in compliance with GLP. A defined medium was inoculated with activated sludge and stabilised under laboratory conditions for one week and then spiked with the test substance. After an acclimation period of up to 4 weeks to reach 15% degradation, three repetitive weekly additions took place. The test was carried out in triplicates and in the test system a maximum concentration of 120 mg ThOD/L was added. Each week, the oxygen concentration and the pH were measured in each bottle and the water was reaerated to the saturation level. Under the test conditions, linseed oil had degradation rate of 30% per week and the Chemical Oxygen Demand was calculated to be 2.46 g/g. The substance was therefore classified as inherently biodegradable (Balk, 1988).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1989
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- Not GLP study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: CEC L-33-T-82 (1982) (Method published by the Coordinating European Council, now listed as CEC L-33-A-934)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In this test, biodegradability is measured as disappearance of CH3-CH2 molecular units, using an infrared spectrophotometer.
Mineral test medium, test substance diluted in tetrachlorocarbon or 1,1,2-trichlorofluorethane, and microorganisms from municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge are pooled in an Erlenmeyer which is then closed and incubated for 21 days ar ca. 25 +/- 1°C in the dark.
On Days 0, 7 and 21, the CO2 content is verified. There are three replicates for each analysis day. Also, a toxicity control is included (1 ml of 1% methylmercury is added to inhibit bacterial growth).
Di-isotridecyl-adipate (DIPA) is used as a positive control.
The % biodegradation is calculated using the following formula: % degradation = ((P-T)/P )* 100
(P = average % CO2 from the toxicity controls; T = % CO2 from the test substance; % CO2 calculated based on extinction values from the spectrophotometer) - GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 21 d
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: Disappearance of CH3-CH2 molecular units
- Reference substance:
- other: di-isotridecyl-adipate
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: Disappearance of CH3-CH2molecular units
- Value:
- ca. 87.5 - ca. 96.8
- Sampling time:
- 7 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- other: Disappearance of CH3-CH2 molecular units
- Value:
- ca. 91.8 - ca. 97.5
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Results with reference substance:
- No data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the test conditions, test substance can be considered to fulfill the criteria for ready biodegradability
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to assess the biodegradability of glycerides, C16-18 and C18-unsatd. (in the form of low erucic acid rapeseed oil) according to the Coordinating European Council Method CEC L-33 -T-82 (now called CEC L-33 -A-934). The method measures disappearance of CH3-CH2 units by spectrophotometry. The test substance proved to degrade by more than 87.5% within 7 d and more than 91.8% within 21 d. Therefore, it can be considered to fulfil the criteria for ready biodegradability under the conditions of the study (Fabig, 1989).
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- From March 22, 2007 to April 19, 2007
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Analytical purity not stated.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-C (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Carbon Dioxide Evolution Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Activated sludge from the aeration tank of a municipal waste water treatment plant, ARA Werdhölzli, Zürich, Switzerland; collected: 20 Mar 2007
- Pretreatment: The sludge was washed twice with tap water. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 22.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: aerobic mineral salts medium prepared with deionised water
- Test temperature: 22 ± 0.5 °C
- pH adjusted: yes, the pH-value was checked at the beginning and at the end of the test and adjusted to pH 7.4 (± 0.2) with NaOH or HCl.
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes, temperature-controlled dark room
- other: The test substance was added directly into the test vessels.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: 2500 mL closed glass bottle containing a total volume of test solution of 2000 mL
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Aerated with CO2-free air for a maximum test period of 28 days.
- Measuring equipment: Shimadzu 5050 TOC-Analyzer using the NPOC-mode for DOC-determination
- Details of trap for CO2: The air leaving the individual vessels was passed through gas-absorption bottles filled with NaOH. The trapped CO2 was determined as inorganic carbon (IC).
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Samples were taken on day 0, 1, 4, 7, 11, 14, 19, 21, 25 and 28.
- Sampling method: Samples were centrifuged (15 min at 4500 g) and acidified to pH < 2. Prior to analysis the samples were sparged with CO2-free
high purity air for 10 min to remove inorganic carbon.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, 2 replicates - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- 20.0 mg/L (TOC)
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 76
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Degradation: 90.7% after 14 days, 60% pass level was reached.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the test substance was determined to be readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the ready biodegradability of fatty acids, C14-18 and C18-unsatd., branched and linear, esters with pentaerythritol in an aerobic aqueous medium, according to OECD Guideline 301 B (CO2 evolution method) and EU Method C.4-C. The test substance, at a concentration of 22.8 mg carbon/L, was exposed to activated sludge (domestic, non-adapted micro-organisms) with culture medium in sealed culture vessels in the dark at approximately 21°C for 28 d. Degradation was assessed by the determination of produced carbon dioxide. The reference substance, sodium benzoate (10 mg carbon/L, in duplicates), was used for validation purposes. The test substance attained 76.5% degradation after 28 d. Sodium benzoate attained 90.7% degradation after 14 d and 94.9% degradation after 28 d, thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions. The experiment was considered valid. Under the study conditions, the test substance was determined to be readily biodegradable (Häner, 2007).
Referenceopen allclose all
Biodegradation of test substance
Time (days) |
Test substance 1 |
Test substance 2 |
|
||
Total CO2 release in test sample [mg IC/L] |
Degradation (%) |
Total CO2 release in test sample [mg IC/L] |
Degradation [%] |
Mean degradation [%] |
|
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
4 |
2.2 |
4.0 |
1.4 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
7 |
8.8 |
27.0 |
7.4 |
20.7 |
23.9 |
11 |
16.1 |
49.5 |
15.6 |
47.1 |
48.3 |
14 |
20.7 |
64.7 |
20.3 |
62.8 |
63.7 |
19 |
23.3 |
74.3 |
23.0 |
73.0 |
73.6 |
21 |
24.3 |
76.9 |
24.1 |
76.5 |
76.7 |
25 |
25.3 |
78.8 |
23.3 |
70.1 |
74.4 |
28 |
25.8 |
78.1 |
25.0 |
74.4 |
76.2 |
Biodegradation of reference substance and Inoculum blank (* = Mean of two replicates)
Time (days) |
Reference substance |
Inoculum blank * |
|
Total CO2 release in test sample [mg IC/L] |
Degradation [%] |
Total CO2 release in test sample [mg IC/L] |
|
0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1 |
1.7 |
7.7 |
0.2 |
4 |
9.2 |
39.6 |
1.3 |
7 |
17.0 |
71.6 |
2.7 |
11 |
22.1 |
86.2 |
4.8 |
14 |
24.1 |
90.7 |
6.0 |
19 |
25.3 |
94.6 |
6.4 |
21 |
25.9 |
95.7 |
6.7 |
25 |
26.2 |
94.3 |
7.3 |
28 |
27.0 |
94.9 |
8.0 |
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
In the absence of specific studies with the test substance, biodegradation was assessed based on data for substances representative of the main constituents, which can be categorised as pentaerythritol esters (PE) and glycerol esters (GE). The results are presented below:
Pentaerythritol esters
Study 1:
A study was conducted to determine the ready biodegradability of fatty acids, C14-18 and C18-unsatd., branched and linear, esters with pentaerythritol in an aerobic aqueous medium, according to OECD Guideline 301 B (CO2 evolution method) and EU Method C.4-C. The test substance, at a concentration of 22.8 mg carbon/L, was exposed to activated sludge (domestic, non-adapted micro-organisms) with culture medium in sealed culture vessels in the dark at approximately 21°C for 28 d. Degradation was assessed by the determination of produced carbon dioxide. The reference substance, sodium benzoate (10 mg carbon/L, in duplicates), was used for validation purposes. The test substance attained 76.5% degradation after 28 d. Sodium benzoate attained 90.7% degradation after 14 d and 94.9% degradation after 28 d, thereby confirming the suitability of the inoculum and test conditions. The experiment was considered valid. Under the study conditions, the test substance was determined to be readily biodegradable (Häner, 2007).
Glycerol esters (GE)
Study 1:
A study was conducted to assess the biodegradability of glycerides, C16-18 and C18-unsatd. (in the form of low erucic acid rapeseed oil) according to the Coordinating European Council Method CEC L-33 -T-82 (now called CEC L-33 -A-934). The method measures disappearance of CH3-CH2 units by spectrophotometry. The test substance proved to degrade by more than 87.5% within 7 d and more than 91.8% within 21 d. Therefore, it can be considered to fulfil the criteria for ready biodegradability under the conditions of the study (Fabig, 1989).
Study 2:
A study was conducted to evaluate the biodegradability of of glycerides, C16-18 and C18-unsatd. (in the form of linseed oil) according to the EEC 1984 Method for Determination of Ecotoxicity at Level 1, Biodegradation, Repetitive Die Away Test (DGXI/400/84), in compliance with GLP. A defined medium was inoculated with activated sludge and stabilised under laboratory conditions for one week and then spiked with the test substance. After an acclimation period of up to 4 weeks to reach 15% degradation, three repetitive weekly additions took place. The test was carried out in triplicates and in the test system a maximum concentration of 120 mg ThOD/L was added. Each week, the oxygen concentration and the pH were measured in each bottle and the water was reaerated to the saturation level. Under the test conditions, linseed oil had degradation rate of 30% per week and the Chemical Oxygen Demand was calculated to be 2.46 g/g. The substance was therefore classified as inherently biodegradable (Balk, 1988).
Overall based on studies for its main constituents, the test substance is considered to be readily biodegradable.
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