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EC number: 234-634-6 | CAS number: 12018-10-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 April to 21 May 2009
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline compliant GLP study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 009
- Report date:
- 2009
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium (III) oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-160-9
- EC Name:
- Chromium (III) oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1308-38-9
- Molecular formula:
- Cr2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- Chromium (III) Oxide
- Details on test material:
- Chromium (III) oxide, a green powder, batch number: CHC2138-7, purity: 99-99.1%. Stored in a sealed container at room temperature.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The animals were male and female Han Wistar rats, obtained from Harlan UK Ltd. The animals were weight matched to 200 g ± 15% on arrival and were less than 12 weeks of age at the start of the study.
They animals were housed in groups of five. The room provided a minimum of 15 air changes per hour, temperature was maintained at 19 to 25°C and relative humidity was maintained at 40 to 70 %. The animals were removed from this environment during acclimatisation to tube restraint and during test article exposure. Fluorescent lighting was provided on a 12 hour light/dark cycle.
The rats were provided with wooden 'Aspen' chew blocks as enrichment. They were fed SQC Rat and Mouse Maintenance Diet No.1, Expanded (SDS Ltd., UK) ad libitum. Mains water was provided ad libitum.
All animals were examined for ill health on arrival. They underwent 9 days acclimatisation, the final 3 days of which they underwent acclimatisation to restraint tubes.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: aerosol
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- nose only
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- The test aerosol was generated from chromium (III) oxide using a Rotating Brush Generator that fed into a flow-through (nose-only) exposure chamber with an internal volume of approximately 40 L. The air flow was 35 L/min and was sufficient to provide a minimum of 12 air changes per hour.
The rats had Vaseline petroleum jelly smeared over their closed eyelids prior to test article exposure as a precautionary measure to avoid adverse irritant effects to the eye. - Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The achieved aerosol concentration was measured gravimetrically prior to and at approximately half-hourly intervals throughout the exposure.
- Duration of exposure:
- 4 h
- Concentrations:
- Nominal concentration = 17.6 mg/L. The mean achieved concentration = 5.41 mg/L, with a range of 4.57 to 6.84 mg/L.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Five
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- Five male and five female rats underwent 4 hour nose-only inhalation exposure to the test compound. The dose level initially selected was 5 mg/L to represent the limit dose. All animals were observed daily (for 14 days post-exposure) for signs of ill health or overt toxicity. Animals were observed approximately hourly during the exposure period and for the remainder of the exposure day. Individual body weights were recorded before and after exposure on Day 1, and on Days 2, 8 and 15. Additional body weights were recorded on Days 3, 4 and 5.
All animals were subject to a gross necropsy. - Statistics:
- Not performed.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- Not applicable.
Effect levels
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- > 5.41 mg/L air (analytical)
- Exp. duration:
- 4 h
- Mortality:
- No animals died during the study.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Adverse treatment related clinical signs were increased breathing rate in 4 females and 2 males during exposure, and hunched posture in one female. No adverse clinical signs were observed immediately following exposure or during the remainder of the obser
- Body weight:
- All animals lost body weight during exposure, but regained their pre-exposure body weight by day 5. As a result of the initial loss, the body weight gain seen during the first week of the study was less than expected for most animals of this age and strain. Animals generally gained more weight during the second week (especially females) and weight gain during this week was more comparable with other rats of this strain and age.
- Gross pathology:
- Macroscopic findings included green areas in the lung and lymph nodes in the majority of animals. Reddened nasal cavity, mandibular lymph nodes and thymus were also noted in serveral animals. One animal had a pale urinary bladder, however this was not considered to be treatment related.
- Other findings:
- The mean particle size distribution (MMAD ± GSD) was 2.22 µm ± 2.36.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The LC50 is > 5.41 mg/L.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 is in excess of 5.41 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Male and female Han Wistar rats underwent a single 4 hour nose-only inhalation exposure to chromium (III) oxide at a mean atmospheric exposure level of 5.41 mg/L. Exposure to the test compound was well tolerated and no mortalities occurred. Clinical signs were limited to increased breathing rate during exposure. Adverse clinical signs did not persist into the 14 day observation period. Necropsy revealed green staining in the lung and lymph nodes and reddening of the nasal cavity and mandibular lymph nodes. The LC50 is therefore considered to be in excess of 5.41 mg/L.
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