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EC number: 236-060-1 | CAS number: 13126-12-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1987
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Paper written in Russian
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Version / remarks:
- Russian paper
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Paper publicly available and written in Russian by the team of Khamidulina.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Paper written in Russian
- Type of coverage:
- other: Paper written in Russian
- Preparation of test site:
- other: Paper written in Russian
- Vehicle:
- other: Paper written in Russian
- Amount / concentration applied:
- Paper written in Russian
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Paper written in Russian
- Observation period:
- Paper written in Russian
- Number of animals:
- Paper written in Russian
- Details on study design:
- Paper written in Russian
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: Paper published in Russian
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- From a paper publicly available and written in Russian by the team of Khamidulina, rubidium nitrate does not induce local effect and has demonstrated a skin resorption effect on rat. Same study was also conducted on rubidium sulfate, rubidium carbonate and rubidium chloride. All of these substance were not irritant.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- From a paper publicly available and written in Russian by the team of Khamidulina (1987), rubidium nitrate does not induce local effect and has demonstrated a skin resorption effect on rat.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP and non guideline study, but sufficient for hazard assessment together with in vitro data (Key.001.Skin / corrosion.TOXI-COOP.2011).
- Justification for type of information:
- Rubidium nitrate (CAS no. 13126-12-0, EC no. 236-060-1)
Rubidium (Rb+) is an alkali metal which belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table sharing comparable physical and chemical properties with other Group 1 elements, including lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and francium.
Therefore, accumulation and excretion of rubidium is similar to potassium, such that body K+ appears to be a reliable index to estimate retention of Rb+. Physiological similarity of rubidium and potassium was reported by the team of Relman AS in the sixties. In fact, Rb+ follows the movement of K+ in the body and competes with K+ for transport across cell membranes. Physiological experiments indicate exchangeability of rubidium for potassium in blood, plasma, and tissue (Relman AS, 1956).
Medical and toxicological literatures generally indicate a very low degree of toxicity (Johnson et al., 1975; Khamidulina, 1987; Wagner, 2011). In many cases, the health risks of rubidium compounds are associated with the anion, e.g., hydroxide, or fluoride, rather than the rubidium cation.
Literature
Hall PWH and Relman AS. 1960. Acid excretion in rubidium- and cesium-substituted rats. J Clin Invest. 39:171–177.
Johnson GT, Lewis RT, Wagner WD. 1975. Acute toxicity of cesium and rubidium compounds. Toxicol App Pharmacol. 32:239-245.
Khamidulina Kh. Kh. 1987. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. (9), 55 (Russian paper)
Relman AS, Roy AM, Schwartz. 1955. The acidifying effect of Rubidium in normal and potassium-deficient alkalotic rats. J Clin Invest. 34: 538–544.
Relman AS. 1956. The physiological behaviour of Rubidium and Cesium in relation to that of potassium. Yale J Biol Med. 29:248-62.
Wagner FS. 2011. Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- High purity material in excess of 99%
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- no data
- Type of coverage:
- semiocclusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: abraded and intact skin was tested
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- other: positive (50% HCl) and negative (water) control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 ml
- Concentration (if solution): 5 % in water - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 48 h (no rinsing up to the end of the observation periode)
- Observation period:
- 24 and 48 h
- Number of animals:
- 6 animals
- Details on study design:
- The backs of the animals were clipped free of hair. The skin on the right side of the backs was abraded at each of the test sites, while the skin on the
left side remained intact. The sites were abraded by uaing a crosshatch design, deep enough to penetrate the epidermis without bleeding. (Abrasions were made using two No. 11 Bard-Parker scalpel blades inserted in a cork stopper approximately 2 mm apart.) The test material (0.1 ml) was applied at each of the test sites. Each test site was covered with a gauze patch measuring 20 mm by 20 mm. Each animal was provided with a leather harness for the initial 24-hour exposure. - Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of six animals
- Time point:
- other: 24 and 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Irritation parameter:
- other: cellular toxicity on abraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of six animals
- Time point:
- other: 24 h
- Score:
- >= 0 - <= 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 48 h
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Rubidium iodide was non-irritating to skin in this in vivo study in rabbits.
- Executive summary:
Rubidium iodide was non-irritating to skin in this in vivo study in rabbits. On intact skin a 5 % solution of Rubidium iodide in water induced no irritating effects, e.g. erythema, edema. Only a mild cellular toxic effect was observed on abraded skin which was fully reversible within 48 h. Therefore, RbI is considered safe for intact or abraded human skin.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- no data
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Non GLP and non guideline study, but sufficient for hazard assessment together with a read-across on a in vivo study with a structural analogue substance (Key.001.Read-Across.CsNO3.in vivo Eye irritation.TOXI-COOP.2013) and in vitro data (Supporting.002.in vitro Eye irritation.TOXI-COOP.2013).
- Justification for type of information:
- Rubidium nitrate (CAS no. 13126-12-0, EC no. 236-060-1)
Rubidium (Rb+) is an alkali metal which belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table sharing comparable physical and chemical properties with other Group 1 elements, including lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and francium.
Therefore, accumulation and excretion of rubidium is similar to potassium, such that body K+ appears to be a reliable index to estimate retention of Rb+. Physiological similarity of rubidium and potassium was reported by the team of Relman AS in the sixties. In fact, Rb+ follows the movement of K+ in the body and competes with K+ for transport across cell membranes. Physiological experiments indicate exchangeability of rubidium for potassium in blood, plasma, and tissue (Relman AS, 1956).
Medical and toxicological literatures generally indicate a very low degree of toxicity (Johnson et al., 1975; Khamidulina, 1987; Wagner, 2011). In many cases, the health risks of rubidium compounds are associated with the anion, e.g., hydroxide, or fluoride, rather than the rubidium cation.
Literature
Hall PWH and Relman AS. 1960. Acid excretion in rubidium- and cesium-substituted rats. J Clin Invest. 39:171–177.
Johnson GT, Lewis RT, Wagner WD. 1975. Acute toxicity of cesium and rubidium compounds. Toxicol App Pharmacol. 32:239-245.
Khamidulina Kh. Kh. 1987. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. (9), 55 (Russian paper)
Relman AS, Roy AM, Schwartz. 1955. The acidifying effect of Rubidium in normal and potassium-deficient alkalotic rats. J Clin Invest. 34: 538–544.
Relman AS. 1956. The physiological behaviour of Rubidium and Cesium in relation to that of potassium. Yale J Biol Med. 29:248-62.
Wagner FS. 2011. Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- the test materials at various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0%) was placed in one eye of each animal by pulling the lower lid of the eyeball to form a cup into which the compounds under investigation were instilled. The eyelids were held together for approximately 1 set and the animal was then released. The animals were exposed to the test compound for either 5 min or 24 hr before washing the eye with approximately 300 ml of distilled water instilled over a 2-min period. The eyes were examined with the aid of fluorescein but without the aid of a hand slit-lamp at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hr and at 7 days; if any injury persisted, the eyes were reexamined at 14 and 21 days.
Grading of the severity of the eye irritation was performed by a modification of the method of Draize (1944) based upon the presence and degree of ulceration or opacity of the cornea and iris and erythema, chemosis and ulceration or necrosis of the conjunctival mucosa. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- High purity material in excess of 99%
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Weight at study initiation: 2 - 3 kg - Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- other: the untreated eye of each animal served as control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 ml
- Concentration (if solution): 5 % - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 5 min (5 animals) and 24 h (3 animals)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days; in case of persistent damage: 24 days, 21 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 8 animals
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: 250 ml water
- Time after start of exposure: 5 min or 24 h, respectively
SCORING SYSTEM:
- Cornea: 0-4
- Iris: 0-2
- Conjunctive Redness: 0-3
- Chemosis: 0-4 - Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 8 animals
- Time point:
- other: 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 8 animals
- Time point:
- other: 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 8 animals
- Time point:
- other: 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 3
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7 days
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Remarks on result:
- other: The max. score gives the theoretically highest reachable value.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Rubidium iodide was non-irritating to eyein this in vivo study in rabbits.
- Executive summary:
Rubidium iodide was non-irritating to eye in this in vivo study in rabbits. There were no effects on cornea, iris and conjuctivae or the incidence of chemosis to any time point.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
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