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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 219-135-3 | CAS number: 2370-63-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- other: Thesis
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 002
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- In vitro and in vivo studies with other methacrylate esters have demonstrated that the first step in metabolism is ester cleavage and that this occurs rapidly at both locally, at the site of contact, and systemically to methacrylic acid (MAA) and the free alcohol the metabolism of which is well understood.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ethyl methacrylate
- EC Number:
- 202-597-5
- EC Name:
- Ethyl methacrylate
- Cas Number:
- 97-63-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H10O2
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl methacrylate
- Details on test material:
- Methacrylic acid from Ineos Acrylics (Lot 98/42; purity > 99%), methyl methacrylate from Ineos Acrylics
(Lot 98/15; purity > 99%), ethyl methacrylat from Atofina (Lot 011666; purity: > 99%), i-butyl
methacrylate from Ineos Acrylics (Lot 98/15; purity 99%), n-butyl methacrylate from Ineos Acrylics
(Lot 98/15; purity 99%), hexyl methacrylate from Röhm GmbH (Lot 78070243; purity > 98%), 2-ethylhexyl
methacrylate from Röhm GmbH (Lot 78080370; purity > 98%), octyl methacrylate from Röhm GmbH
(Lot 22-902-13914-28; purity > 98%)
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
Results and discussion
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
Any other information on results incl. tables
The studies confirmed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are rapidly hydrolyzed by ubiquitous carboxylesterases. First pass (local) hydrolysis of the parent ester has been shown to be significant for all routes of exposure. In vivo measurements of rat liver indicated this organ has the greatest esterase activity. Similar measurements for
skin microsomes indicated approximately 20-fold lower activity than for liver. However, this activity was substantial and capable of almost complete first-pass metabolism of the alkyl-methacrylates. For example, no parent ester penetrated whole rat skin in vitro for n-butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate or lauryl methacrylate tested experimentally with only methacrylic acid identified in the receiving fluid. In addition, model predictions indicate that esters of ethyl methacrylate or larger would be completely hydrolyzed before entering the circulation via skin absorption. This pattern is consistent with a lower rate of absorption for these esters such that the rate is within the metabolic capacity of the skin. Parent ester also was hydrolyzed by S9 fractions from nasal epithelium and was predicted to be effectively hydrolyzed following inhalation exposure. These studies showed that any systemically absorbed parent ester will be effectively removed during the first pass through the liver (CL as % LBF, see table). In addition, removal of methacrylic acid from the blood also occurs rapidly (T50%; see table).
Table:
Rate constants for ester hydrolysis by rat-liver microsomes and predicted systemic fate kinetics for methacrylates following i.v. administration:
Ester Vmax Km CL T50% Cmax Tmax
----------------------------------------------------------
EMA 699.2 106.2 99.5% 4.5 12.0 1.8
----------------------------------------------------------
Vmax (nM/min/mg) and Km (µM) from rat-liver microsome (100 µg/ml)determinations;
CL = clearance as % removed from liver blood flow, T50% = Body elimination
time (min) for 50% parent ester, Cmax = maximum concentration (mg/L) of MAA
in blood, Tmax = time (min) to peak MAA concentration in blood from model predictions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In conclusion, the in vivo and in vitro investigations as well as the PBPK models developed from the data showed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are rapidly absorbed and are hydrolyzed at exceptionally high rates to methacrylic acid by high capacity, ubiquitous carboxylesterases. Further, the removal of the hydrolysis product, methacrylic acid, also is very rapid (minutes).
- Executive summary:
In a valid sientific study, the data showed that alkyl-methacrylate esters are rapidly absorbed and are hydrolyzed at exceptionally high rates to methacrylic acid by high capacity, ubiquitous carboxylesterases. Further, the removal of the hydrolysis product, methacrylic acid, also is very rapid (minutes).
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