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EC number: 283-640-5 | CAS number: 84696-21-9 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Hydrocotyle asiatica, Umbelliferae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 014
- Report date:
- 2014
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 17 July 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Version / remarks:
- January 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Test System
Activated sludge, microorganisms from a domestic waste water treatment plant.
Species:
The (controlled) activated sludge was supplied by the sewage plant for domestic sewage in Balatonfüred, Hungary, on 22 January 2014.
Origin:
The coarse particles were removed by settling for 10 minutes, and the upper layer of finer solids was decanted. The activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted. The solid material was re-suspended in isotonic saline solution with shaking and again centrifuged. This procedure was repeated twice.
Preparation of Activated Sludge Inoculum:
An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to dry weight determined. Based on this ratio, calculated aliquots of washed sludge suspension, corresponding to 5 g dry material per litre was mixed with reconstituted water (see above) and then aerated until use (in this study 200 mL inoculum was prepared). After preparation the sludge was filtered through cotton wool. The pH of the activated sludge inoculum after preparation was 6.85. A pH adjustment before use was not performed.
The microbial inoculum was prepared on the day of the test and was not pre-adapted to the test chemical.
The microbial inoculum was continuously aerated (2 L/minute) at the test temperature of until use. - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrocotyle asiatica, ext.
- EC Number:
- 283-640-5
- EC Name:
- Hydrocotyle asiatica, ext.
- Cas Number:
- 84696-21-9
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Hydrocotyle asiatica, ext.
- Test material form:
- solid
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- The Test Groups
Test Item (flasks 1a and 1b):
Based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the test item, 3.27 mg O2/mg [measured in the main test], at the start of the test a suitable volume (500 mL) of the test item solution was thoroughly mixed into the respective volume (5000 mL) of aqueous test medium corresponding to 3 mg/L test item, respectively a COD of about 9.81 mg O2/L.
Remark: In the study plan about 6.24 mg O2/L was calculated instead of 9.81 mg O2/L, because at the calculation the informative preliminary COD was taken into consideration.
Procedure Control: Sodium benzoate (flasks 2a and 2b)
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH3) of sodium benzoate (1.67 mg O2 per mg) (details on calculation are given in the guidelines), the stock solution (360 mg/L) of sodium benzoate (50 mL) was thoroughly mixed into the respective volume of aqueous test medium (5000 mL), corresponding to 3.6 mg/L reference item concentration, respectively a ThODNH3 of about 3.6 x 1.67 = 6.012 mg O2/L.
More studies run in parallel and the corresponding procedure control was common.
Inoculum Control (flasks 3a and 3b)
Only filtered inoculum (10 mL) was added to the aqueous test medium (5000 mL).
Microbial inoculum (2.0 mL per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
More studies run in parallel and the corresponding inoculum control was common.
Toxicity Control (flasks 4a and 4b)]
Test (500 mL) and reference item (50 mL) stock solutions were mixed into the aqueous test medium (5000 mL) corresponding to the test item concentration of 3 mg/L [chosen based on the measured informative COD of the test item and the preliminary experiment] and to 3.6 mg/L concentration of the reference item.
In general: microbial inoculum (2.0 mL per litre) was added to each preparation bottle. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Preparation of the Test Solutions
For the preparation of test item test solutions, at first the suitable amount of CENTELLA ASIATICA SELECTED TRITERPENES was suspended in the respective volume of aqueous test medium (reconstituted water) and a stock solution with a concentration of 30.65 mg/L was prepared using (~30 min.) ultrasonic bath.
During the performance of the test the test solutions were mixed by mechanical stirring to ensure a good dispersion (during the incubation period the test solutions were not stirred). The test solutions were freshly prepared at the beginning of the experiment, in the testing laboratory.
The concentration of the stock solution in case of sodium benzoate reference item was 360 mg/L.
The Test Groups
1.) Test Item (flasks 1a and 1b):
Based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the test item, 3.27 mg O2/mg [measured in the main test], at the start of the test a suitable volume (500 mL) of the test item solution was thoroughly mixed into the respective volume (5000 mL) of aqueous test medium corresponding to 3 mg/L test item, respectively a COD of about 9.81 mg O2/L.
Remark: In the study plan about 6.24 mg O2/L was calculated instead of 9.81 mg O2/L, because at the calculation the informative preliminary COD was taken into consideration.
2.) Procedure Control: Sodium benzoate (flasks 2a and 2b)
Based on the theoretical oxygen demand (ThODNH3) of sodium benzoate (1.67 mg O2 per mg) (details on calculation are given in the guidelines), the stock solution (360 mg/L) of sodium benzoate (50 mL) was thoroughly mixed into the respective volume of aqueous test medium (5000 mL), corresponding to 3.6 mg/L reference item concentration, respectively a ThODNH3 of about 3.6 x 1.67 = 6.012 mg O2/L.
More studies run in parallel and the corresponding procedure control was common.
3.) Inoculum Control (flasks 3a and 3b)
Only filtered inoculum (10 mL) was added to the aqueous test medium (5000 mL).
Microbial inoculum (2.0 mL per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
More studies run in parallel and the corresponding inoculum control was common.
4.) Toxicity Control (flasks 4a and 4b)]
Test (500 mL) and reference item (50 mL) stock solutions were mixed into the aqueous test medium (5000 mL) corresponding to the test item concentration of 3 mg/L [chosen based on the measured informative COD of the test item and the preliminary experiment] and to 3.6 mg/L concentration of the reference item.
In general: microbial inoculum (2.0 mL per litre) was added to each preparation bottle.
Preparation of Test Flasks
A sufficient number of Winkler flasks were cleaned with 5 – 10 mL of a wash liquid (2.5 g iodine and 12.5 g potassium iodide per litre of 1 % w/v sulphuric acid) by shaking well to coat the bottle walls. After allowing standing for about 15 minutes, the wash liquid was poured off, and the bottles were thoroughly rinsed with tap water and deionised water. Then, the previously described test solutions were filled into the bottles bubble-free until the bottles were completely filled. Then they were tightly closed with glass stopper.
Sulphuric acid: Supplier: CARLO ERBA; Batch Number: V2B680142B, Expiry date: February 2018
Potassium iodide: Supplier: REANAL (lach:ner); Batch Number: PP/2012/09667, Expiry date: 08 Febr. 2015
Iodine: Supplier: VWR (PROLABO); Batch Number: 13B070011, Expiry date: February 2018
6.4.2 The Number of Test Flasks
The number test bottles was the following (according to the measurement days):
at least 14 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the test item and inoculum
at least 14 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the sodium benzoate and inoculum
at least 14 (+2 reserve) bottles containing only inoculum (inoculum control)
at least 14 (+2 reserve) bottles containing the test item and sodium benzoate (toxicity control)
6.5 Measurements
6.5.1 Oxygen Measurements
The incubation period of the closed bottle test was 28 days.
The oxygen concentration was measured with an O2 electrode [working based on LDO (Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen) method].
Oxygen measurements were performed in duplicate on days 0, 2, 7, 12, 14, 21 and 28.
6.5.2 Temperature Measurements
Temperature was measured at least on weekdays in the controlled environment room (during the 28-day incubation period).
6.5.3 Measurement of Total Oxidized N (Nitrite and Nitrate)
The test item does not contain N and total oxidised Nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite) concentrations were not measured after each oxygen measurement.
(Errors due to not considering nitrification in the assessment by oxygen uptake of the biodegradability of test substances not containing N are marginal (not greater than 5 %), even if oxidation of the ammonium N in the medium occurs erratically as between test and blank vessels.).
Measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
The COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the test item was determined in the test facility using COD Cell Test (MERCK),
Results and discussion
% Degradation
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 35.8
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item is considered to be not ready biodegradable. According to the test guidelines the pass level for ready biodegradability is removal of 60 % COD in a 10-day window.
The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used activated sludge inoculum.
According to the test guidelines the test item can be assumed as not inhibitory at the applied concentration level on the activated sludge microorganisms because the degradation in the toxicity control group was higher than 25 % within 14 days.
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