Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-164-3 | CAS number: 7440-56-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 43.4 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 43.4 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 1
- Extrapolation method:
- sensitivity distribution
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 7 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 10
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 599.4 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 19.6 mg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 43.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Conclusion on classification
Ecotoxicity tests were performed with GeO2 as test substance. From the data, the ecotoxicity reference values (ERV's) for acute and chronic toxicity of GeO2 and of the Ge-ion in general, were derived.
To check the capacity of Ge metal powder to generate Ge-ions in solution, Transformation/Dissolution (TD) testing was also performed according to OECD 29 at pH 8, where the highest TD was observed.
acute effect:
The lowest EC50 value of 0.206mg GeO2 /L was observed on the freshwater diatomea Navicula pelliculosa, in a standard OECD 201 algae test (Fraunhofer 2018). From this result, a general EC50-based ERV of 0.143mg Ge/L can be derived for the Ge-ion.
The acute TD test showed that after 7days, 1mg/l loading of Ge-powder results in 0.0615 mg/L Ge in solution. The ERV is thus not exceeded at 1 mg/L loading of the substance. Therefore, Ge metal powder is not classified for acute aquatic effect under CLP.
chronic effect:
the lowest EC10 value of 0.1003 mg GeO2/L was also observed on the freshwater diatomea Navicula pelliculosa, in a standard OECD 201 algae test (Fraunhofer 2018). From this result, a general EC10-based ERV of 0.07mg Ge/L can be derived for the Ge-ion.
The chronic TD test showed that after 28 days, 1 mg/L loading of Ge powder results in 0.17mg/L Ge in solution. The chronic ERV of 0.07mg Ge/L is thus exceeded at this loading. It is however not exceeded at 0.1mg/L loading of the substance. From the results, it follows that 0.07 * 1000/170 = 0.41mg Ge powder would be needed for reaching the chronic reference value for the Ge-ion.
To define the level of the chronic classification, it must be established whether or not the substance should be considered to be rapidly degradable or not. "Degradability" is a concept related to organic substances and as such not applicable to inorganic substances. Degradability is considered in the context of chronic aquatic classification to assess the potential of the substance to remain present in the water column, and, as such to be able to excert a chronic effect. In this spirit, the concept of "removal from the water column" has been developed for metal substances: the time and degree of metal presence in the water column (and related potential for chronic toxicity) is measured over a given period similar to the one applied to the organic substances. The same criterion for removal is applied. The results on GeO2 demonstrate that Ge removal from the water column is 80% after 4 weeks. It was also demonstrated experimentally that resuspension of the sediment does not result in remobilisation of Ge into the water column. Based on these results, it is concluded that Ge and its salts are to be considered as equivalent to rapidly degradable.
Given that a) the ERV of 70 µg Ge/L is exceeded at 1mg/L loading, but not at 0.1mg/L loading of the substance, and b) that Ge powder should be considered as equivalent to rapidly degradable, Ge-powder is classified as chronic 3 for aquatic effect.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.