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EC number: 944-188-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: well performed and documented study according to OECD guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - samples for dissolved Pb analysis were taken at test initiation, after 4/5 days and at test termination (after 7 days)
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - Filtered natural water with a dilute aliquot of modified APHA medium (Environment Canada, 1999) if deemed necessary
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- CULTURING AND PREPARATION
- Plants used for the preliminary and definitive investigations were cultured axenically as per method outlined by Environment Canada, with minor modifications regarding the type of culture vessels
TEST ORGANISM
- Plants used for each of the treatments were of equal size and frond number
- Plants with 3 fronds
- Common name: duckweed - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Hardness:
- between 8 - 266 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 25 +/- 2°C
- pH:
- pH was measured and adjusted as needed using trace metal 0,1M HNO3
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Average dissolved Pb concentrations (µg/L) are:
* Santiam River: 2.0; 9.3; 18.7; 45.5; 92.3; 216.7; 490; 950; 1600
* Upper Peninsula: 11.8; 310; 543.3; 893.3; 1533.3; 2266.7; 3566.7; 5600
* Lake texoma: 0.9; 73.7; 143.3; 270; 550; 936.7; 836.7; 1766.7
* Calapooia watershed: 1.1; 21.7; 78.7; 143.3; 266.7; 463.3; 816.7
* Soap creek: 4.1; 9.2; 16; 37.0; 97.0; 250; 676.7; 1433.3
* Pinelands: 2.9; 12.7; 33.7; 87; 243.3; 533.3; 1600; 4033.3
* McKay Creek: 1.6; 20.7; 46; 112.3; 263.3; 623.3; 1200; 1700 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- min. 6 conc + control
- 3 replicates
- 100 mL test solution and 2 Lemna minor plants having three fronds each were added to a 250 ml erlenmeyer flask
- flask was covered with foam stopper. To ensure a proper air-tight seal, a layer of silicon was placed between the aquaria frame and the fitted lid, which was held in place with removable sealant tape. A small hole drilled in the lid pumped CO2 in to the aquarium.
- 24h light cycle with light intensity 4080-5220 lux
- solutions were completely replaced daily by decanting
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Natural waters were field-collected from different sites within the US by Paramatrix Environmental Research Laboratory. For each site 40 l of water were collected in sample bladder filled to the top, packed in coolers, and couriered to aquatox. The temperature of all incomping splaes was between 3 and 9°C. All natural waters were immediately placed in a walk-in coller at approx 4°C. Prior to use of the natural waters for toxicity testing, all samples were subjected to vaccuum filtration using a 47 mm, 1µm glass fiber to minimize the risk of algal contamination. Any chemical modifications made to the waters, such as the addition of a lead spike, were perfomred at least 24h prior to test initiation to allow for adequate chemical equilibration.
- Waters were gently aerated for min 2 hrs, suing acid-washed glass pipettes placed on the end of the plastic tubing that was used to deliver the air from the pump to the sample. Each test water was then pH adjusted if deemed necessary from results of the preliminary testing, divided among 8 4L low density plyethylene containers. All test waters were left for min 24hrs prior to test initiation to allow for chemical equilibration.
- APHA media (Environment Canada, 1999) was added to the medium if deemed necessary
- Changes in DOC were not quantified because previous 7d tests showed that DOC is stable and remains within 90% of the value at test initiation
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- preliminary tests were performed to ensure the success of the definitive test (richness of natural waters in nutrients, concentration APHA medium required, concentration range of Pb, the flow rate of CO2 needed) - Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 85 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Santiam river water; Hardness: 29 mg/L; pH: 7.9; confidence limits: 64-111 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1 025 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Upper peninsula water; Hardness: 56 mg/L; pH: 7.2; confidence limts: 919-1143 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 255 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lake texoma water; Hardness: 266 mg/L; pH: 8.3; confidence limts: 137-473 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 172 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Calapooia watershed water; Hardness: 172 mg/L; pH: 8.5; confidence limts: 85-349 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 186 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Pinelands water; Hardness: 8 mg/L; pH: 5.7; confidence limts: 65-532 µg/L
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC10
- Effect conc.:
- 348 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- dissolved
- Remarks:
- Pb
- Basis for effect:
- other: root growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Mackay creek water; Hardness: 33 mg/L; pH: 8.0; confidence limts: 214-568 µg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Data were plotted using Sigma plot software.NOEC and LOEC values were determined with Dunnett's Multiple Comparison test using statistical program CETIS. Assumptions of equal variance and normal distribution of the sample populations with the Bartlett Equality of Variance test and Shapiro-Wilk normality test values are calculated from measurements obtianed at test termination. The effects concentrations IC10 were recalculated using log-logistic curve fitting on individual measurements. Calculations of average specific growth rate were made according to the OECD guidelines. IC10 on root growth rate were calculated by the University of Ghent in 2012.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- > 7 times increase in biomass in 7 days (OECD, 2002)
Reference
Description of key information
Both data stems from accepted high quality long term Pb toxicity studies for freshwater and marine aquatic plants, conducted at relevant pH and water hardness conditions.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater plants:
- 1 025 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water plants:
- 11.9 µg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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