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EC number: 210-694-9 | CAS number: 621-59-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 980
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 4 strains tested.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study followed the method of Ames (see 'attached background material').
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Vanillin
- EC Number:
- 204-465-2
- EC Name:
- Vanillin
- Cas Number:
- 121-33-5
- Molecular formula:
- C8H8O3
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
- Test material form:
- solid
- Details on test material:
- OTHER SPECIFICS:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): vanillin
- Smiles notation (if other than submission substance): COc1cc(C=O)ccc1O
- InChl (if other than submission substance): InChI=1/C8H8O3/c1-11-8-4-6(5-9)2-3-7(8)10/h2-5,10H,1H3
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
All compounds have been checked for purity using thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and NMR; those containing more than 3% impurity have been purified by means of liquid chromatography, recrystallization or distillation. The structures of some of the compounds studied were confirmed by ['H]- and [13C]NMR, e.g. the substitution pattern of multisubstituted aromatic substances and the branching pattern of methylsubstituted long chain alkyl derivatives.
Method
- Target gene:
- histidine-requiring gene
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- CELLS USED
- Source of cells: obtained from Dr Bruce N. Ames (University of California, Berkeley, USA). - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S-9 mix
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 3 μmol/plate (456 μg/plate)
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Ethanol.
Controlsopen allclose all
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation): Initially, cultures were grown in Difco nutrient broth. Since this medium is suspected to have a weak mutagenic activity [Ames, B.N., pers. comm.], it was substituted for Oxoid nutrient broth No. 2 in later experiments. Revertants were scored on glucosenminimal salts medium supplemented with 0.05 μmol histidine and 0.05 μmol biotin. Plates used for viable counts contained 10 μmol histidine (and 0.05μmol biotin). The experiments were carried out essentially as described by Ames.
DURATION
- Exposure duration: 48h
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: at least 2.
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative total growth
- Any supplementary information relevant to cytotoxicity: In absence of a background lawn of bacteria on the plates (indicating toxicity)the test was repeated with a lower concentration of the substance. Substances giving an uncertain result in the spot testswere tested quantitatively at 4 concentration levels (0.03, 0.3, 3 and 30 umol/plate unless otherwise indicated).
- OTHER: Preparation of S-9 fractions: Aroclor 1254 (S-9A) or 3-methylcholanthrene (S-9M) (both suspended in corn oil) were used as inducing agents. Aroclor induction was performed on male Sprague--Dawley rats (~200 g), by giving each rat a single i.p. injection of 500 mg/kg 5 days before decapitation, while 3-methylcholanthrene induction was accomplished by giving a daily injection i.p. of 20 mg/kg during 3 days before decapitation. The S-9 fraction was prepared by centrifugation of a liver homogenate at 9000 g for 10 min. Aliquots of the supernatant S-9 were stored at -70°C. The activity of the S-9 preparations was tested using 2-aminoanthracene. - Evaluation criteria:
- Evaluation: determination of viable count, measuring of number of spontaneous revertants, and determination of rfa-mutation by crystal violet inhibition. For strains TA 98 and TA 100, presence of the plasmid pKM 101 was checked by resistance to ampicillin.
- Statistics:
- All values are calculated averages from the results of at least 2 experiments.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Confounding effects: none reported
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The test item was found to be non-mutagenic with or without metabolic activation.
- Executive summary:
A study on the potential mutagenic activity of vanillin was performed using the Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay as described by Ames, method similar to OECD 471 (non-GLP). Four histidine-requiring mutants of Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537) were exposed to the test item with and without S9 metabolic activation (liver fraction from Aroclor 1254 or methylcholanthrene induced rats). Under test conditions, the test item did not induce any increase on the number of revertants in any of the strains tested, with or without metabolic activation. Therefore, the test item is not mutagenic.
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