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EC number: 204-535-2 | CAS number: 122-34-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil microorganisms
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil microorganisms
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 22 November - 20 December 1994
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 995
- Report date:
- 1995
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Council Directive 91/414/EEC (Annex II, 8.5) 'Effects on soil non-target microorganisms'
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPPO guideline 'Recommended Laboratory tests for assessing hazard to soil microflora'
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: FAO guideline 'Annex to revised guidelines on environmental criteria for the registration of pesticides'
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Simazine
- EC Number:
- 204-535-2
- EC Name:
- Simazine
- Cas Number:
- 122-34-9
- Molecular formula:
- C7H12ClN5
- IUPAC Name:
- 6-chloro-N2,N4-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Test material: Simazine technical ai
- Appearance: White powder
- Batch No.of test material: 74
- Expiration date of the batch: September 1996
- Purity: 97.7%
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: In the dark at 4°C
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- Nitrogen transformation: Quadruplicate samples (replicates A, B, C and D) of each of the control and treated soil groups were withdrawn approximately 3 hours after preparation (Day 0) and at 14 and 28 days after preparation and the samples transferred to a deep-freeze at approximately -20°C to await analysis. Analysis for ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ion concentrations was performed using a continuous flow colourimetric autoanalyser.
Carbon mineralisation: The NaOH in the respirometer traps was removed and replaced with 40 mL fresh 1 M NaOH approximately 3 hours after preparation (Day 0) and at 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after preparation. Analysis was performed by autotitration.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
The following mixtures of soil, lucerne meal, distilled water and test substance : sand mixture were prepared:
Group 1: Soil + water
Group 2: Soil + lucerne meal + sand + water
Group 3: Soil + lucerne meal + Simazine technical ai : sand + water
AMENDMENT OF SOIL
- Type of organic substrate: Lucerne meal having a nitrogen content of approximately 3.0% (C:N ratio 13.8:1) was used and 22,4 g was added to give a maximum of 0.5% of the soil dry weight.
APPLICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCE TO SOIL
- Method: Simazine technical ai was first mixed into dry fine sand so that 20.47 mg Simazine technical ai was contained in 44.85 g sand per 5 kg soil (4485 g dry weight). For soil treatment Groups 2 and 3, the lucerne meal sand and test substance : sand mixture were distributed evenly in several aliquots over the surface of the test soil (spread as a thin layer of approximately 2.5 cm) and then thoroughly mixed after each aliquot addition.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (inoculum):
- soil
Study design
- Total exposure duration:
- 28 d
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- 20°C ± 2°C
- Moisture:
- 45% of its maximum water holding capacity (35.04%)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container (type, material, size): Glass jars (nitrogen transformation); respirometer flasks (carbon mineralisation)
- Amount of soil: 100 g
- No. of replicates per concentration: 4 replicates (nitrogen transformation); 3 replicates (carbon mineralisation)
- No. of replicates per control: 4 replicates (nitrogen transformation); 3 replicates (carbon mineralisation)
SOIL INCUBATION
- Method: in the dark at 20°C ± 2°C
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Geographical reference of sampling site (latitude, longitude): Clifton, Nottinghamshire, England, OS map reference SK 542 338
- History of site: Uncropped for last 2 years. Last crop oilseed rape harvested in 1992
- Vegetation cover: Bare soil/ very light weed infestation
- Treatments with pesticides or fertilizers: Not received treatment during the preceding 2 years
- Depth of sampling: 20 cm
- % sand: 61.03%
- Soil taxonomic classification: Sandy loam
- pH (in water): 6.7
- Organic carbon: 1.3%
- Water holding capacity: 35.04%
- Cation exchange capacity: 15.0 mEq/100 g
- Initial microbial biomass as % of total organic C: 1.57% - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 3000 g active ingredient (ai) per hectare (twice the maximum expected concentration, 2 x MEC) equivalent to 20.47 mg ai/ 5 kg soil
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dinoseb acetate: applied to the test soil at a concentration of 40 mg/kg soil to determine effects on nitrogen transformation and at a concentration of 100 mg/kg soil to determine effects on carbon mineralisation.
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Single dose of 4.094 mg/kg
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Loss of ammonium
- Remarks on result:
- other: Conversion of ammonium to nitrate is not affected at the single concentration tested of 4.094 mg/kg.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Single dose at 4.094 mg/kg
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- nitrate formation rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Nitrate formation was actually slightly higher than the control without the simazine
- Key result
- Duration:
- 28 d
- Dose descriptor:
- other: Single dose of 4.094 mg/kg
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- respiration rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: respiration of C was comparable with control
- Details on results:
- Nitrogen transformation in the soils amended with lucerne meal (Group 2 control soil and Group 3 Simazine technical ai treated soil) was evident from the decline in ammonium concentrations and increase in nitrate concentrations over the first 14 days. At the end of the 28 day study period the deviation in measured activity in Group 3 soil compared with Group 2 soil was less than 25% for both ammonium (+8.33%) and nitrate (+16.13%) concentrations.
Carbon mineralisation in the Group 2 and Group 3 soils amended with lucerne meal was evident from the cumulation of CO2 over the first 14 days. At the end of the 28 day study period the deviation in cumulative mean ppm C as CO2/g soil for Group 3 compared with Group 2 was less than 25% at +1.00%.
The EPPO Decision-making scheme for the environmental risk assessment of plant protection products states that 'if deviation from the control treatment at the end of the test is <25%' then the test substance is 'categorised as low risk to soil microflora'. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid: Yes
- Relevant effect levels: After 28 days of incubation it was demonstrated that the treated soil showed deviations in measured activity greater than 25% compared to the untreated control soil in all parameters examined.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Since the variability in Group 1 frequently differed from that in the other two groups, Group 1 was omitted from the analyses, which therefore provided a comparison between Groups 2 and 3 only.
No significant differences were found in ammonium, nitrate or carbon levels between Groups 2 and 3.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Ammonium as mg N/g soil (mean of 4 replicates)
Day |
Group |
Group 3 : Group 2 deviation (%) |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
||
0 |
0.71 |
16.20 |
16.74 |
+3.33 |
14 |
0.27 |
1.90 |
2.23 |
+17.37 |
28 |
0.14 |
0.24 |
0.26 |
+8.33 |
Table 2:Nitrate as mg N/g soil (mean of 4 replicates)
Day |
Group |
Group 3 : Group 2 deviation (%) |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
||
0 |
12.02 |
15.12 |
14.77 |
-2.31 |
14 |
17.65 |
34.80 |
35.92 |
+3.22 |
28 |
21.42 |
48.16 |
55.93 |
+16.13 |
Table 3: Carbon mineralisation – cumulative mean (of 3 replicates) ppm C as CO2/g soil
Day |
Group |
Group 3 : Group 2 deviation (%) |
||
1 |
2 |
3 |
||
0 |
0.00 |
31.54 |
19.18 |
-39.19 |
2 |
8.26 |
348.52 |
352.71 |
+1.20 |
7 |
29.80 |
668.11 |
673.84 |
+0.86 |
14 |
54.26 |
808.54 |
814.26 |
+0.71 |
21 |
73.60 |
887.79 |
897.72 |
+1.12 |
28 |
89.38 |
943.16 |
952.57 |
+1.00 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The results from the study demonstrated that nitrogen transformation and carbon mineralisation in soil treated with Simazine technical ai were comparable to the results obtained from the control soil. The deviations in measured activity at the end of the study period were less than 25% for all parameters examined.
Under anticipated conditions of field use, Simazine technical ai can be considered to present a low risk to soil microflora.
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