Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 234-746-5 | CAS number: 12030-88-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: evidence based on degradation product
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the section 13 of IUCLID dataset for details. The short term toxicity study with the degradation product is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A study was performed to assess the toxicity of the substance to Moina sp. and Daphnia carinata. 20 adult Daphnia or Moina were exposed to different concentrations of the test substances within the range of 1 to 12,500 mg∕L. Three replicates were prepared for each treatment and per controls. Observations for survival were made at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The LC50 was quantified first by fitting linear regression models to each data set and subsequently by probit analysis.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: Moina sp. and Daphnia carinata
- Details on test organisms:
- Experiments were performed with animals from clonal cultures of Moina sp. (originally from Wundowie wastewater treatment plant, Western Australia) and Daphnia carinata (sensu lato) (originally from Sir James Mitchell Park Pond, Perth, Western Australia).
- Test type:
- static
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- 21°C
- Details on test conditions:
- The clonal cultures were kept in 1.2 μm filtered water from the mesotrophic Jackadder Lake (Perth) at 21°C with a dark: light cycle of 12:12 h, and were fed ad libitum with Desmodesmus sp. (Chlorophyta) (CSIRO). The experiments were performed at 21°C under low-fluorescent light conditions to prevent the degradation of the test substance and avoid any confounding effects that different sensitivities of the two study organisms toward UV light would have.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Daphnia
- Effect conc.:
- 5.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Remarks:
- Moina
- Effect conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Both Daphnia and Moina were highly sensitive to the test substance; however, the results indicate that Daphnia is less susceptible than Moina. Concentrations ≥6 mg/L led to a mortality of 100% within the first 12 h for Moina, whereas the corresponding concentration was higher by an order of magnitude for Daphnia (>40 mg/L). Linear regression revealed that Daphnia had a 48 h LC50 of 5.7 mg/L, whereas Moina had a 48 h LC50 of 1.9 mg/L. When the LC50 was computed with the probit analysis, the 48 h LC50 was 5.6 mg/L for Daphnia (95% confidence interval: 5–6.3 mg/L), and 2 mg/L for Moina. No 95% confidence interval was calculated for Moina because of too few concentrations that led to < 100% mortality. Mean survival time was significantly higher in Daphnia than in Moina at concentrations ≥2 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance was 5.6 mg/L in Daphnia and 2 mg/L in Moina.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the short term toxicity of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide in Moina sp. and Daphnia carinata. Two days before the start of each experiment, 20 adult Daphnia or Moina were transferred into 0.5 L of 1.2 μm filtered lake water to allow for acclimatization, and fed daily with 1 mg carbon equivalent of Desmodesmus sp. Throughout the experiment Moina sp. were exposed to 14 different concentrations and Daphnids were exposed to 16 different concentrations within the range of 1 to 12,500 mg/L. Three replicates were prepared for each treatment and per control. Observations for survival were made at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours at which time the experiment was stopped. The LC50 for Daphnia and Moina were quantified first by fitting linear regression models to each data set and subsequently by probit analysis. Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance was 5.6 mg/L in Daphnia and 2 mg/L in Moina (Reichwaldt, 2012).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: evidence based on degradation product
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with generally accepted scientific standards and described in sufficient detail
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the section 13 of IUCLID dataset for details. The short term toxicity study with the degradation product is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of 20 Daphnia (divided in two replicates), 24 h old or less, were exposed to several test substance concentrations. Immobility was determined after 24 h. No analytical verification was conducted.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Stock solution concentrated at 30%
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Strain/clone: IRCHA
- Age at test start: max. 24 h old - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
- Test temperature:
- 20°C
- pH:
- 8.0 +/- 0.2
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥2 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass vessels, 50 mL
- Type (delete if not applicable): open but looseley covered with filter paper
- Fill volume: 20 ml
- Aeration: no
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- Biomass loading rate: 10 Daphnia/vessel
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Synthetic medium according to DIN 38412, Part 1
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: (95% CI: 6.7-8.7 mg/L)
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 values for potassium dichromate was 1.3 mg/L (indicated range for this substance: 0.9-1.9 mg/L).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the nominal 24 h EC50 of the substance in Daphnia magna was determined to be 7.7 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna. Twenty Daphnia per group (divided in two replicates), 24 h old or less, were exposed to several concentrations of the substance. Immobility was determined after 24 h. No analytical verification of the concentration was conducted. Under the study conditions, the nominal 24 h EC50 of the substance in Daphnia magna was determined to be 7.7 mg/L (Bringmann, 1982).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: evidence based on degradation product
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to the section 13 of IUCLID dataset for details. The short term toxicity study with the degradation product is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- measured semi-quantitatively
- Details on sampling:
- Test medium samples of all test substance groups were analysed at the beginning and at the end of each 24-hour test medium renewal interval.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- 1% w/v stock solutions were prepared in reconstituted water
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia pulex
- Details on test organisms:
- Strain: freshwater waterflea (Daphnia pulex Leydig emend. Richard)
Source: in-house breeding from a starting population obtained from the Aquatic Toxicology Group, Water Quality Section, North Carolina Quality Section, North Carolina Division of Enviromental Management, Raleigh
Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 12 - 24 hours
Food type: Greenalgae Selenastrum capricornutum, suspension of digested salmon chow, yeast and CEROPHYLL
Photoperiod: cultures are illuminated by ambient fluorescent laboratory light (500 lux) supplemented by a single fluroescent tube placed 30 cm above the cultures. A 16 hours light: 8 hours darkness photoperiod is maintained.
No. of test animals: 10 per vessel - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- 50 - 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 6.8-9.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- ≥ 96% saturation
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Details on test conditions:
- No. of vessels per concentration: 1
Controls: 2 controls - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance in Daphnia pulex was determined to be 2.4 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide according to US EPA Guideline EPA OTS 797.1300. Daphnia pulex were exposed for 48 h to the test substance under semi-static conditions. No information on concentration levels has been mentioned. The concentrations of the test substance were measured semi-quantitatively. The validity criteria of the test were fulfilled in the sense that no mortality (evaluated as the cessation of motion of the body or appendages) was observed in the controls. Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance in Daphnia pulex was determined to be 2.4 mg/L (European Chemicals Bureau, 2003).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Under normal use conditions, potassium superoxide is not anticipated to be exposed to the aquatic environment. Exposure to the water is only possible if KO2 is accidentally released. However, when exposed, potassium superoxide reacts rapidly with water to produce potassium hydroxide (KOH), oxygen (O2) and potassium hydrogen peroxide (KHO2), which slowly degrades to KOH, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and O2. Therefore, aquatic toxicity of KO2 could be anticipated to be due, in part, to the degradation product H2O2. KOH further dissociates into potassium and hydroxyl ions which constitute normal ion pool of the medium. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide is likely to degrade within a short time in aquatic medium due to many alternative and competitive degradation pathways. As a result, the contribution of toxicity from hydrogen peroxide is likely to be low. Overall, the aquatic toxicity of potassium superoxide is likely to be low and a quantitative estimation of the hazard potential will not be appropriate due to its rapidly changing degradation kinetics.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the short term toxicity of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide in Moina sp. and Daphnia carinata. Two days before the start of each experiment, 20 adult Daphnia or Moina were transferred into 0.5 L of 1.2 μm filtered lake water to allow for acclimatization, and fed daily with 1 mg carbon equivalent of Desmodesmus sp. Throughout the experiment Moina sp. were exposed to 14 different concentrations and Daphnids were exposed to 16 different concentrations within the range of 1 to 12,500 mg/L. Three replicates were prepared for each treatment and per control. Observations for survival were made at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours at which time the experiment was stopped. The LC50 for Daphnia and Moina were quantified first by fitting linear regression models to each data set and subsequently by probit analysis. Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance was 5.6 mg/L in Daphnia and 2 mg/L in Moina (Reichwaldt, 2012).
A study was conducted to determine the short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide according to US EPA Guideline EPA OTS 797.1300. Daphnia pulex were exposed for 48 h to the test substance under semi-static conditions. No information on concentration levels has been mentioned. The concentrations of the test substance were measured semi-quantitatively. The validity criteria of the test were fulfilled in the sense that no mortality (evaluated as the cessation of motion of the body or appendages) was observed in the controls. Under the study conditions, the 48 h LC50 of the substance in Daphnia pulex was determined to be 2.4 mg/L (European Chemicals Bureau, 2003).
A study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of the degradation product hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna. Twenty Daphnia per group (divided in two replicates), 24 h old or less, were exposed to several concentrations of the substance. Immobility was determined after 24 h. No analytical verification of the concentration was conducted. Under the study conditions, the nominal 24 h EC50 of the substance in Daphnia magna was determined to be 7.7 mg/L (Bringmann, 1982).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.