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EC number: 200-752-1 | CAS number: 71-41-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Developmental toxicology evaluation of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol administered by inhalation to rats
- Author:
- Nelson BK, Brightwell WS, Khan A, Krieg Jr EF and Hoberman AM
- Year:
- 1 989
- Bibliographic source:
- J Am Coll Toxicol 8(2): 405-410
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Developmental toxicology of industrial alcohols: a summary of 13 alcohols administered by inhalation to rats
- Author:
- Nelson KB et al.
- Year:
- 1 996
- Bibliographic source:
- Intl. Journal of Occupational Medicine, Immunology, and Toxicology, Vol. S, No. 1
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Developmental toxicology of industrial alcohols: a summary of 13 alcohols administered by inhalation to rats
- Author:
- Nelson BK et al.
- Year:
- 1 990
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 6, No. 3/4, 1990
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- ICH GUIDELINE - RESIDUAL SOLVENTS
- Author:
- Connelly JC et al.
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- PHARMEUROPA Vol. 9, No 1 - Supplement, April 1997
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- No information
- Author:
- RIFM
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- RIFM database
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Developmental study, where rats were exposed on gestation days 1-19
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pentan-1-ol
- EC Number:
- 200-752-1
- EC Name:
- Pentan-1-ol
- Cas Number:
- 71-41-0
- Molecular formula:
- C5H12O
- IUPAC Name:
- pentan-1-ol
- Details on test material:
- - Analytical purity: >= 99%
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Portage, MI, USA
- Weight at study initiation: 200 - 300 g
- Housing: in standard metal cages equipped with automatic water dispensers
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): NIH-07 lab chow (Ziegler Bros., Garden, MA); ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water, ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20 - 24
- Humidity (%): 40 - 60
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 / 12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
- Exposure apparatus: Hinners-type chamber
- Method of holding animals in test chamber: in stainless steel wire mesh cages within the exposure chambers
- System of generating particulates/aerosols: A constant flow of test substance was mixed with a known volume of heated compressed air, resulting in instantaneous vaporization of the alcohol. This vapor-air mixture was introduced into the mainstream of the chamber airflow upstream from an orifice, and the resulting turbulence produced uniform mixing of the test chemical throughout the exposure chamber
- Temperature, humidity, pressure in air chamber: temperature of 25 ± 2°C; relative humidity of 50 ± 15%
- Air flow rate: ca. 0.5 m3/minute
TEST ATMOSPHERE
- Brief description of analytical method used: using a Miran 1A infrared-Analyzer at every hour
- Samples taken from breathing zone: no - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- yes
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Charcoal tube samples were drawn 2 days/week and analyzed by gas chromatography with partial verification of these methods using spiked samples of known concentration.
Means from the continuous monitoring were equal to the target value of 14 mg/L, with standard deviations not exceeding 5% of the means. Concentrations from the secondary monitoring method (gas chromatograph analysis of samples captured on charcoal tubes) were frequently 10-20% lower than the means from the primary method. However, results from spiked samples were often similarly below the concentrations supplied. Consequently, the figures from the primary monitoring method (infrared analyzer) are cited. - Details on mating procedure:
- - Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: no data
- Length of cohabitation: no data
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear referred to as day 0 of pregnancy - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- days 1 - 19 of gestation
- Frequency of treatment:
- 7 h/day
- Duration of test:
- 20 d
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
14 mg/L
Basis:
nominal conc.
highest concentration technically achievable
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15
- Control animals:
- yes, sham-exposed
Examinations
- Maternal examinations:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: weighed daily for the first week and weekly thereafter
FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No
WATER CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: on gestation days 7, 14, 20
POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day # 20
- Organs examined: uterus with ovaries - Ovaries and uterine content:
- The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: No
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes - Fetal examinations:
- - External examinations: Yes: all per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: half per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: half per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: half per litter - Statistics:
- Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA); p< 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Three separate analyses were performed using exposure group as the independent variable. For the litter data (numbers of corpora lutea, resorptions, females per litter and males per litter, and weight of females per litter and of males per litter), a one-way ANOVA/ANOVA design was used. If a significant MANOVA was observed, individual ANOVAs were performed, and if these were significant, Bonferroni corrections were made comparing the individual exposure group with controls. A second analysis, for the weight data, used a litter per exposure group X day ANOVA. A third analysis, for the feed and water consumption data, used a litter per exposure group X week MANOVA/ANOVA design. For the ANOVAs, the probabilities of all within-litter main effects and interactions were corrected with the Greenhouse-Geisser estimate of Box's epsilon.
Results and discussion
Results: maternal animals
Maternal developmental toxicity
- Details on maternal toxic effects:
- Maternal toxic effects:yes
Details on maternal toxic effects:
Comparing to the control group maternal body weights were decreased slightly, but this difference was not statistically significant. Food consumption was decreased, but water consumption unchanged.
Effect levels (maternal animals)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- 14 mg/L air
- Basis for effect level:
- other: maternal toxicity
Results (fetuses)
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects
Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
Number of corpea lutea, resorptions, gender ratio and fetal weights were not affected by treatment.
Small, but nonsignificant, reversible delays in ossification of caudal vertebrae, sternum, metacarpals and hindpaw phalanges were reported.
No malformations were observed.
Effect levels (fetuses)
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEC
- Effect level:
- >= 14 mg/L air
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity: no adverse effects observed
Fetal abnormalities
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
Overall developmental toxicity
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Results:
1-Pentanol | Control | |
Mean maternal weight (g) | ||
day 0 | 260 ± 22 | 243 ± 25 |
day 7 | 297 ± 21 | 262 ± 24 |
day 14 | 291 ± 23 | 291 ± 26 |
day 20 | 348 ± 25 | 354 ± 32 |
overall gain | 88 | 111 |
Mean feed consumption (g) | ||
week 1 | 92 ± 14 | 108 ± 14 |
week 2 | 110 ± 10 | 124 ± 12 |
week 3 | 99 ± 12 | 118 ± 10 |
overall mean | 100 ± 14 | 117 ± 13 |
Mean water intake (g) | ||
week 1 | 222 ± 33 | 204 ± 46 |
week 2 | 223 ± 43 | 276 ± 93 |
week 3 | 288 ± 45 | 265 ± 123 |
overall mean | 244 ± 51 | 248 ± 96 |
Mean corpora lutea/litter | 13 ± 3 | 14 ± 4 |
Mean resorptions/litter | 0.2 | 0.4 |
Mean no. females /litter | 7 ± 1 | 8 ± 2 |
Mean no. males /litter | 5 ± 2 | 7 ± 2 |
Mean fetal weight (g) | ||
males | 3.11 ± 0.31 | 3.19 ± 0.2 |
females | 3.32 ± 0.26 | 3.28 ± 0.27 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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