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EC number: 204-274-4 | CAS number: 118-75-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Well performed OECD and GLP guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
- Report date:
- 1990
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- Version / remarks:
- of 1983
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- micronucleus assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone
- EC Number:
- 204-274-4
- EC Name:
- Tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone
- Cas Number:
- 118-75-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6Cl4O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chloranil
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: OF1; IOPS Caw
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Mice, 6 to 8 weeks old, with appropriate range of bodyweight at study start were used. Immediately prior to dosing, live bodyweight range males: 27.5 - 37.6 g, females: 21.9 - 27.5 g. Animal housing and environmental conditions were appropriate for in vivo mutagenicity testing in mice, although the acclimatisation period of at least 24 hours was shorter than requested in current technical test guidelines. Commercially available rat mouse diet and filtered and softened drinking tap-water were fed ad libitum. Quality of drinking water and nutrition was regularly monitored by bacterial and/or chemical analysis.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: Substance and vehicle control groups: by oral gavage. Positive control group: intraperitoneal.
- Vehicle:
- vehicle for control and test substance treated groups: 10% (w/v) gum arabic dispersed in distilled water.
vehicle for positive control group (cyclophosphamide): water (for injection) - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Single dose followed by 24 to 72 hours of observation.
- Frequency of treatment:
- single dose
- Post exposure period:
- Vehicle control group: 24 or 48 or 72 hours
Test substance treated group: 24 or 48 or 72 hours
Positive control group: 24 hours
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
2500 mg/kg bodyweight
Basis:
actual ingested
oral gavage, administration volume = 10 ml/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 15 males and 15 females: 5 males and 5 females each killed 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours post administration.
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Cyclophosphamide at 100 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally administered as a 1% (w/v) aqueous solution. 5 males and 5 females each killed 24 hours post administration.
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Bone marrow cells from both femurs/animal. Two slides were prepared from each animal and 1000 erythrocytes/animal (500 cells/slide) evaluated using a microscope. Numbers of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes and the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes were determined.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Bone marrow was extracted from both femurs using a syringe and suspended in fetal calf serum. The suspension was centrifuged and the cell pellet was re-suspended prior to being spread on the slide. The slides were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa.
- Evaluation criteria:
- An increase in the frequency of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes in treated animals compared with negative controls is an indication of induced chromosome damage.
- Statistics:
- Student t-test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Premature death of 2 vehicle control females + 1 treated female; no clinical signs except a poor health condition in one of the decedent control females, indication of slight, transient cytotoxicity in the test substance treated group.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Any other information on results incl. tables
Two females of the vehicle control group died probably due to an intubation error. In addition one female of the test substance treated group was found dead 48 hours post administration. Clinical signs were not evident in animals of the treated group. For one of the decedent vehicle control animals poor health (weakness) was recorded 48 hours post administration.
At 24, 48 and 72 hours post administration, toxicologically relevant differences between the numbers of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes in the vehicle control group and in the test substance treated group were not evident. The counts of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes were significantly higher and the ratios of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes were lower in the positive control group than in the other groups demonstrating the validity of the test. A slight trend to the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes being lower in test substance treated animals than in vehicle controls at 24 and 48 hours post administration had returned to a mean value similar to that in the vehicle control group by 72 hours post administration and was interpreted as an indication of slight, transient toxicity of the test substance impairing erythropoiesis.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative No indication of mutagenicity
In the present in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test (OECD 474), a single dose of 2500 mg/kg bw of the test substance, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, to mice did not induce numbers of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes from bone marrow statistically significantly higher than concurrent vehicle controls over periods of 24, 48 or 72 hours. Therefore, there was no indication of mutagenicity of the test substance in the present study. The validity of the test was evident from counts of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes being significantly higher and from the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes being lower in the positive control group (treated with cyclophosphamide) than in the other groups. A slight trend to the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes being lower in test substance treated animals than in vehicle controls at 24 and 48 hours post administration and being similar to vehicle controls at 72 hours post administration, was interpreted as an indication of slight, transient toxicity of the test substance impairing erythropoiesis. - Executive summary:
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone was tested for mutagenicity in an in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test according to OECD Guideline 474. Reliability grade 1 was assigned to the study. A group of 15 male and 15 female mice was treated by single oral gavage administration with 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone at a dose of 2500 mg/kg bw. For administration, the test substance was suspended in an aqueous 10% (w/v) gum arabic dispersion. The animals, 5 males and 5 females each, were killed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after dosing. In addition, vehicle controls (mice receiving the vehicle alone) and positive controls (dosed intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide at 100 mg/kg bw) were included in the study. Bone marrow cells were collected for erythrocyte micronucleus analysis from vehicle control and test animals at 24, 48 and 72 hours post administration and from positive control animals at 24 hours post administration. For each animal, cells were taken from both femurs preparing two slides/animal and evaluating by use of a microscope 500 cells/ slide (1000 cells/animal) for the presence of micronuclei. Numbers of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocytes and the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes were determined for each animal.
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