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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 201-368-7 | CAS number: 81-64-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- sub-chronic toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 weeks, feeding
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Justification for type of information:
- Peer reviewed work as part of US National Toxicity Program on a hydroxy anthraquinone
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 001
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 408 (Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 14 week feeding study in male and female rats.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone
- EC Number:
- 208-258-8
- EC Name:
- 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone
- Cas Number:
- 518-82-1
- Molecular formula:
- C15H10O5
- IUPAC Name:
- 6-methyl1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: feed
- Details on oral exposure:
- Diets containing 0, 312.5, 625, 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm emodin
(equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 20, 40, 80, 170, or 300 mg/kg) - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 14 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 20 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 40 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 170 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 300 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10
- Control animals:
- yes, plain diet
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Mean body weights of males exposed to 170 mg/kg/day or greater and females exposed to 80 mg/kg/day or greater were significantly less than those of the controls
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Rerduced food intake at higher treatment levels for the first week
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Total serum protein and albumin concentrations were decreased in females exposed to 170 and 300 mg/kg/day.
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Relative kidney weights of rats exposed to 80 mg/kg/day or greater and relative lung weights of rats exposed to 40 mg/kg/day or greater were significantly increased compared to the control groups
Relative liver weights were increased in females exposed to 40 mg/kg/day or greater. - Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- The incidences of hyaline droplets in the cortical epithelial cytoplasm were increased in all groups of exposed males and in females exposed to higher dose groups
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Other effects:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- All male rats exposed to 80 mg/kg/day or greater and all exposed female rats had pigment in the renal tubules; and the severity of pigmentation generally increased with increasing exposure concentration.
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- ca. 40 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- clinical biochemistry
- histopathology: non-neoplastic
- organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
Target system / organ toxicity
open allclose all
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 170 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- System:
- haematopoietic
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Critical effects observed:
- yes
- Lowest effective dose / conc.:
- 80 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- System:
- urinary
- Organ:
- kidney
- Treatment related:
- yes
- Dose response relationship:
- yes
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
A NOAEL was not described in the report. The changes in the kidney and relative organ weights are considered to be adaptive.
Reduced food intake in higher groups may have been a taste aversion
The blood paramater changes above 80 mg/kg/day were potentially significant and have been used to set the NOAEL. No spcecific target organ was identified.
In other reviews, kidney effects are noted and the effects seen in this study may be significant
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- A NOAEL was not described in the report. The changes in the kidney and relative organ weights are considered to be adaptive.
Reduced food intake in higher groups may have been a taste aversion
The blood paramater changes above 80 mg/kg/day were potentially significant and have been used to set the NOAEL. No spcecific target organ was identified.
In other reviews, kidney effects are noted and the effects seen in this study may be significant
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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