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EC number: 247-070-0 | CAS number: 25519-78-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2004-01-27 to 2004-09-23
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Only a study summary was available for review which provided limited details on the test substance and methodology; however, sufficient information was provided to deem the study reliable with restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 004
- Report date:
- 2004
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The ocular irritancy potential of the test material was assessed using the Rabbit Enucleated Eye Test (REET). This method involved the application of the test material onto the cornea of the enucleated eye.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- This study was conducted in facility operating to GLP within the UK national GLP monitoring programme, but the study report has not been audited by the QA Unit. No formal claim of GLP compliance is made for this study.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- p-fluorophenyl 4-piperidyl ketone hydrochloride
- EC Number:
- 247-070-0
- EC Name:
- p-fluorophenyl 4-piperidyl ketone hydrochloride
- Cas Number:
- 25519-78-2
- Molecular formula:
- C12H14FNO.ClH
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidine hydrochloride
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): T 1047
- Substance type: no data
- Physical state: no data
- Analytical purity: no data
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): no data
- Composition of test material, percentage of components: no data
- Isomers composition: no data
- Purity test date: no data
- Lot/batch No.: no data
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: no data
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Storage condition of test material: no data
- Other: no data
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: not applicable
- Housing: not applicable
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): not applicable
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): not applicable
- Acclimation period: not applicable
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 32 +/- 1.5
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data
IN-LIFE DATES: not applicable
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: yes, 0.9 % sodium chloride
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 mL (approx. 52 mg)
- Concentration (if solution): undiluted
VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): not applicable
- Concentration (if solution): not applicable
- Lot/batch no. (if required): not applicable
- Purity: not applicable - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- single application
- Observation period (in vivo):
- - corneal opacity and corneal epithelium condition: 60, 120, 180 and 240 min
- fluorescein uptake: 240 min
- corneal swelling: 60, 120 and 240 min - Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Three enucleated eyes were treated with the test substance, two enucleated eyes were treated as control.
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): no
- Time after start of exposure: not applicable
SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method for Evaluation of Ocular Irritation by Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopic Examination (McDonald - Shadduck Score System)
- The scoring scheme measures the severity of corneal cloudiness and the area of the cornea involved. Severity of corneal cloudiness is graded as follows:
0 = Normal cornea. Appears with the slit-lamp as having a bright grey line on the epithelial surface and a bright grey appearance of the stroma.
1 = Some loss of transparency. Only the anterior half of the stroma is involved as observed with an optical section of the slit-lamp. The underlying structures are clearly visible with diffuse illumination, although some cloudiness can be readily apparent with diffuse illumination.
2 = Moderate loss of transparency. In addition to involving the anterior stroma, the cloudiness extends all the way to the endothelium. The stroma has lost its marble-like appearance and is homogeneously white. With diffuse, illumination, underlying structures are clearly visible.
3 = Involvement of the entire thickness of the stroma. With optical section, the endothelial surface is still visible. However, with diffuse illumination the underlying structures are just visible.
4 = Involvement of the entire thickness of the stroma. With the optical section cannot clearly visualise the endothelium. With diffuse illumination, the underlying structures cannot be seen.
The surface of the cornea relative to the area of cloudiness is divided into five grades from 0 to 4:
0 = Normal cornea with no area of cloudiness
1 = 1 to 25% area of stromal cloudiness 2 = 26 to 50% area of stromal cloudiness
3 = 51 to 75% area of stromal cloudiness
4 = 76 to 100% area of stromal cloudiness
FLUORESCEIN
- The use of fluorescein is a valuable aid in defining epithelial damage for fluorescein staining. The area can be judged as a 0 to 4 scale using the same terminology as for corneal cloudiness.
The intensity of fluorescein staining can be divided into a 0 to 4 scale:
0 = Absence of fluorescein staining
1 = Slight fluorescein staining confined to a small focus. With diffuse illumination the underlying structures are clearly visible, although there is some loss of detail.
2 = Moderate fluorescein staining confined to a small focus. With diffuse illumination the underlying structures are clearly visible, although there is some loss of detail.
3 = Marked fluorescein staining. Staining may involve a larger portion of the cornea. With diffuse illumination underlying structures are barely visible but are not completely obliterated.
4 = Extreme fluorescein staining. With diffuse illumination the underlying structures cannot be seen.
REFERENCE
Hackett R B and McDonald T O, Eye Irritation. In: Advances in Modern Toxicology: Dermatoxicology. 4th ed. (F Marzulli and H Maibach, eds) Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington DC, 1991, pp 749-815
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE:
- hand-slit lamp / biomicroscope / fluorescein
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Remarks:
- cloudiness and area
- Run / experiment:
- mean, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min
- Value:
- 0
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Irritation parameter:
- fluorescein retention score
- Run / experiment:
- mean, 240 min
- Value:
- 0
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Irritation parameter:
- other: corneal swelling (%)
- Run / experiment:
- mean, 60 min
- Value:
- 16.9
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- other: corneal swelling (%)
- Run / experiment:
- mean, 120 min
- Value:
- 24.9
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Irritation parameter:
- other: croneal swelling (%)
- Run / experiment:
- mean, 240 min
- Value:
- 34.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not examined
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- Corneal epithelium condition:
- Sloughing was observed in one animal at 60 and 120 min and in all 3 animals at 180 and 240 min.
- The control eyes were normal at all time points.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was considered to have the potential to cause severe ocular irritancy in vivo.
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