Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
basic toxicokinetics, other
Type of information:
other:
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
data from handbook or collection of data

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Final Report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel on the Safety Assessment of Dicarboxylic Acids, Salts, and Esters
Author:
Fiume, M. M.; et al
Year:
2012
Bibliographic source:
International Journal of Toxicology 31(Supplement 1) 5S-76S

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:
The CIR Expert Panel assessed the safety of dicarboxylic acids and their salts and esters as used in cosmetics. The Expert Panel noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the dicarboxylic acid and their salts and esters in this safety assessment. The available data on many of the ingredients are sufficient, however, and similar structural activity relationships, biologic functions, and cosmetic product usage suggest that the available data may be extrapolated to support the safety of the entire group.

Results and discussion

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Dicarboxylic acids are natural metabolic products of the ω-oxidation of monocarboxylic acids when the β-oxidation of free fatty acids is impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, dicarboxylic acids are rapidly β-oxidized, resulting in very low cellular concentrations and practically nondetectable concentrations in the plasma. Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids (up to 12 carbon atoms) are β-oxidized in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Oxidation of odd- and even- numbered chains proceeds to different end points. Odd-chain dicarboxylic acids are β-oxidized, giving acetyl-CoA and malonic acid (C3). Oxidation can then go no further, and malonic acid is the starter of fatty acid synthesis. Even-chain carboxylic acids are completely oxidized and produce succinyl-CoA, a gluconeogenic substrate, as an intermediate metabolite. Malonic acid can be activated to malonyl-CoA and undergoes decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA by various mammalian tissues.
Executive summary:

Malonic acid is likely to be metabolized via physiological pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle as it is part of the normal metabolism.